4th Semester Syllabus

Kinematics of Machine

• Unit-1.0: Mechanisms
  • Definition and types of joints
  • Lower and higher pairs
  • Classification of mechanisms based on function and constraints
  • Common mechanisms such as slider crank and 4-bar mechanisms and their inversions
  • Quick return mechanism
  • Straight line generators
  • Rocker mechanisms
  • Universal joints
  • Steering mechanisms
  • Etc.
  • Basic Kinematic Concepts and Definitions
  • Degree of freedom and Grübler's formula
  • Grashof's rule and rotatability limits
  • Mechanical advantage
• Unit-2.0: Geometric Design of Mechanisms
  • Kinematic Analysis of Simple Mechanisms Displacement
  • Velocity
  • And acceleration analysis
  • Velocity analysis using instantaneous centers
  • Position
  • Velocity and acceleration analysis using loop closure equations
  • Coincident points
  • Coriolis component of acceleration
• Unit-3.0: Belt, Rope and Chain drives & Brakes
  • Types of belt drives
  • Velocity ratio
  • Slip
  • Creep
  • Length of belt
  • Power transmitted
  • Ratio of tensions
  • Angle of contact
  • Centrifugal tension
  • Maximum tension
  • Initial tension
  • V belt drive
  • Ratio of Tensions in V belt and Rope drives
  • Kinematics of chain drive
  • Classifications of chains
  • Chain length
  • Types of brakes
  • Block brake
  • Band brake
  • Band and Block brake
  • Internal expanding brake
  • Condition of self-locking
  • Power transmitted and Heat generated
• Unit-4.0: Gears
  • Gear terminology
  • Involute and Cycloidal gear profiles
  • Gear parameters
  • Fundamental law of gearing and conjugate action
  • Spur gear contact ratio and interference/undercutting
  • Gear Train: Analysis of simple
  • Compound
  • Reverted and epicyclic gear train with problems
• Unit-5.0: Balancing of rotating masses
  • Balancing of rotating masses in the same plane by a single revolving mass
  • Balancing of several rotating masses in the same plane
  • Balancing of several rotating masses in different planes by two revolving masses in suitable planes
• Unit-6.0: Governors
  • Watt
  • Porter
  • Proel & Hartnell Governors
  • Effect of friction
  • Controlling force
  • Governor effort and power
  • Sensitivity and isochronisms

Text/Reference Books

1. Thomas Bevan, "Theory of Machines," CBS Publishers & Distributors, 2005.
2. W. L. Cleghorn, "Mechanisms of Machines," Oxford University Press, 2005.
3. R. L. Norton, "Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery," Tata McGraw Hill, 2009.
4. A. Ghosh and A.K. Mallick, "Theory of Mechanisms and Machines," Affiliated East-West Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 1988

Fluid Mechanics

• Unit-1.0
  • Definition of fluid
  • Units and dimensions
  • Newton's law of viscosity
  • Properties of fluids
  • Mass
  • Density
  • Specific volume
  • Specific gravity
  • Viscosity
  • Surface tension and capillarity
  • Vapor pressure
  • Compressibility and bulk modulus
  • Hydrostatics
  • Fluid force on plane and curved surfaces
  • Manometers
  • Buoyancy
  • Uniformly accelerated motion
• Unit-2.0
  • Kinematics of fluid flow: Generalized continuity equation
  • Irrotational motion and solution to Laplace equation
  • Concept of stream lines
  • Equipotential Lines
  • Flow Nets
• Unit-3.0
  • Dynamics of fluid flow: Control volume and control surface
  • Application of continuity equation and momentum equation
  • Bernoulli's equation and its applications
  • Forces on immersed bodies
  • Concepts of separation
  • Drag force
  • Circulation and lift force
• Unit-4.0
  • Concept of boundary layer
  • Boundary layer thickness
  • Displacement thickness
  • Momentum thickness
  • Energy thickness
• Unit-5.0
  • Laminar viscous flow through circular conduits
  • Couette and Poisuielle flow
  • Turbulent flow through pipes
  • Darcy Weisbach equation
  • Friction factor for smooth and rough pipes
  • Moody's diagram
• Unit-6.0
  • Need for dimensional analysis
  • Methods of dimension analysis
  • Similitude and types of similitude
  • Dimensionless parameters
  • Application of dimensionless parameters Model analysis

Text Books:

1. Frank M. White, Fluid Mechanics (Sixth Edition), Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi (2008).
2. J. O. Wilkes, Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers, Prentice Hall (1999).
3. Som and Biswas; Fluid Mechanics and machinery; TMH
4. Cengal; Fluid Mechanics; TMH
5. Modi & Seth; Fluid Mechanics; Standard Book House, Delhi

Fundamentals of Robotics and Applications

• Unit-1.0: Introduction to Robotics
  • Introduction to Robotics and Automation
  • Laws of robot
  • Brief history of robotics
  • Basic components of robot
  • Robot specifications
  • Classification of robots
  • Human system and robotics
  • Safety measures in robotics
  • Social impact
  • Robotics market and the future prospects
  • Advantages and disadvantages of robots
• Unit-2.0: Robot Anatomy and Motion Analysis
  • Anatomy of a Robot
  • Robot configurations: polar
  • Cylindrical
  • Cartesian
  • And jointed arm configurations
  • Robot links and joints
  • Degrees of freedom: types of movements
  • Vertical
  • Radial and rotational traverse
  • Roll
  • Pitch and yaw
  • Robot kinematics: Introduction to direct and inverse kinematics
  • Transformations and rotation matrix
• Unit-3.0: Robot Drives and End Effectors
  • Robot Drives and End Effectors: Robot drive systems: Hydraulic
  • Pneumatic and Electric drive systems
  • Classification of end effectors
  • Mechanical grippers
  • Vacuum grippers
  • Magnetic grippers
  • Adhesive gripper
  • Gripper force analysis and gripper design
  • 1 DOF
  • 2 DOF
  • Multiple degrees of freedom robot hand
  • Tools as end effectors
  • Robot control types: limited sequence control
  • Point to-point control
  • Playback with continuous path control
  • And intelligent control
• Unit-4.0: Path Planning
  • Definition-Joint space technique
  • Use of P-degree polynomial-Cubic
  • Polynomial- Cartesian space technique
  • Parametric descriptions
  • Straight line and circular paths
  • Position and orientation planning
• Unit-5.0: Sensors and Actuators
  • Types of sensors: Proximity
  • Vision
  • Force/Torque
  • IMU
  • Etc. Sensor interfacing
  • Calibration
  • And signal processing
  • Types of actuators: DC motors
  • Stepper Motors
  • Servomotors
  • Hydraulic/Pneumatic systems
• Unit-6.0: Robotics Applications
  • Material Handling
  • Machining loading and unloading
  • Welding & assembly
  • Medical
  • Agricultural and space applications
  • Unmanned vehicles: ground
  • Ariel and underwater applications
  • Robotic for computer integrated manufacturing
  • Types of robots: Manipulator
  • Legged robot
  • Wheeled robot
  • Aerial robots
  • Industrial robots
  • Humanoids
  • Robots
  • Autonomous robots
  • And Swarm robots

Text/ Reference:-

1. Robotics Technology and flexible automation, S.R. Deb et. al. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
2. Industrial Robots - Technology, Programming and Applications", Mickell Grover et. al. McGraw Hill.
3. Robotics: Control, Sensing, Vision and Intelligence" King-sun fu et. al. McGraw Hill.
4. Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics and Control, John Craig, Pearson Education.

Python Programming

• Unit-1.0: Basics Programming Syntax, Conditional and Iterative Statements
  • Procedure oriented vs. Object-Oriented approach of programming
  • Python character set
  • Python tokens
  • Variables
  • Concept of Lvalue and Rvalue
  • Use of comments
  • Data types: number (integer
  • Floating point
  • Complex)
  • Boolean
  • Sequence (string
  • List
  • Tuple)
  • None
  • Mapping
  • (dictionary)
  • Mutable and immutable data types
  • Operators: arithmetic operators
  • Relational operators
  • Logical operators
  • Assignment operator
  • Augmented assignment operators
  • Expressions
  • Statement
  • Type conversion & input/output: precedence of operators
  • Expression
  • Evaluation of expression
  • Conditional statements: simple if statement
  • If- else statement
  • If- elif-else statement
  • Iterative statements: while loop
  • For loop
  • Range function
  • Break and continue statements
  • Nested loops
• Unit-2.0: String, List, Tuples, Set and Dictionary
  • String: indexing
  • String operations (concatenation
  • Repetition
  • Membership & slicing)
  • Traversing a string using loops
  • Built-in functions
  • Lists: introduction
  • Indexing
  • List operations: concatenation
  • Repetition
  • Membership & slicing
  • Traversing a list
  • Built- in list functions
  • Linear search on list of numbers and counting the frequency of elements in a list
  • Tuples: Creating
  • Initializing
  • Accessing elements
  • Tuple assignment
  • Performing operations on tuples
  • Tuple methods and built-in functions
  • Nested tuples
  • Set: Creating set
  • Traversing
  • Adding
  • Removing data in set
  • Performing set operations like join
  • Union intersection
  • Difference
  • Dictionary: accessing items in a dictionary using keys
  • Mutability of dictionary: adding a new item
  • Modifying an existing item
  • Built-in dictionary functions
• Unit-3.0: Python Functions, Modules and Packages
  • Functions: types of function (built- in functions
  • Functions defined in module
  • User defined functions)
  • Creating user defined function
  • Arguments and parameters
  • Default parameters
  • Positional parameters
  • Lambda functions
  • Returning value
  • Scope of a variable: global scope
  • Local scope
  • Modules and Packages: Importing module using 'import' Regular Expressions
  • Exception Handling
  • PyPI Python Package Index
  • Pip Python package manager
  • Importing Libraries and Functions
• Unit-4.0: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
  • OOPS Object oriented programming concepts and approach
  • Abstraction
  • Encapsulation
  • Class
  • Object
  • Class method vs static method in Python
  • Class and static variable
  • Constructor and destructors in python
  • Inheritance: types of inheritance: single
  • Multiple
  • Multilevel
  • Hierarchical
  • Polymorphism: Polymorphism with class method
  • Polymorphism with inheritance
  • Method overriding
  • Overloading
• Unit-5.0: Exception and File Handling in Python
  • Exception Handling: syntax errors
  • Exceptions
  • Need of exception handling
  • User-defined exceptions
  • Raising exceptions
  • Handling exceptions
  • Catching exceptions
  • Try - except - else clause
  • Try - finally clause
  • Recovering and continuing with finally
  • Built-in exception classes
  • File Handling: text file and binary file
  • File types
  • Open and close files
  • Reading and writing text files
  • Reading and writing binary files
  • File access modes
• Unit-6.0: Data Analysis with Pandas
  • Pandas data structures: Series
  • Declaration
  • Selecting elements
  • Assigning values
  • Filtering values
  • Operations
  • Mathematical functions
  • Evaluating values
  • Handling missing data
  • Creating series from dictionaries
  • Adding two series
  • Data Frame: Defining
  • Selecting elements
  • Assigning values
  • Membership
  • Deleting a column
  • Filtering. Index Objects: Indexing
  • Re-indexing
  • Dropping
  • Sorting and ranking
  • Descriptive Statistics
  • Data Loading: Reading and Writing csv
  • Xls
  • Text data files
  • Data Cleaning and Preparation: Handling missing data
  • Removing duplicates
  • Replacing values
  • Vectorized String Methods
  • Hierarchical Indexing
  • Merging and Combining
  • Data aggregation and Grouping

Text/Reference:-

1. Introduction to Computing and Problem-Solving using Python, E. Balagurusamy, McGraw Hill Education (India)Pvt. Ltd. 1st Edition /2016, ISBN-10: 9352602587 ISBN-13: 978-9352602582.
2. Core Python Applications Programming, Wesley J. Chun, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education, 2016, ISBN-10: 0132678209 ISBN-13: 978-0132678209.
3. Python Cookbook, David Beazley, Brian Jones., Third Edition, Orelly Publication, 2013, ISBN 978-1449340377.
4. Python Data Analytics, Fabio Nelli, Apress, 2015, ISBN: 9781484209585.
5. Python for Data Analysis: Data Wrangling with Pandas, Numpy, and IPython, Wes McKinney, O'REILLY, 2017, Second Edition ISBN-10: 1491957662 ISBN-13: 78-1491957660.

Control System

• Unit-1.0: Introduction to Control problem
  • Industrial Control Examples
  • Mathematical models of physical systems
  • Control hardware and their models
  • Synchros
  • AC and DC servomotors
  • Concepts of Control Systems -Open Loop and closed control systems and their differences -examples of control systems Classification of control systems
  • Benefits of Feedback
  • Block diagram algebra
  • Signal flow graph
• Unit-2.0: Time Response Analysis
  • Standard test signals
  • Time response of first and second order systems for standard test inputs
  • Application of initial and final value theorem
  • Design specification for second order systems based on time response
  • Steady state errors and error Cons
• Unit-3.0: Stability & Root Locus
  • Concept of Stability
  • Routh-Hurwitz stability criteria
  • Absolute and Relative Stability Analysis
  • Root Locus Technique: The root locus concept
  • Construction of root loci
  • Effects of adding poles and zeros to G(s) H(S) on the root loci
• Unit-4.0: Frequency Response Analysis
  • Relationship between time and frequency response
  • Polar plots
  • Nyquist plot and application of Nyquist criterion to find the stability
  • Gain and phase margins
  • Bode diagrams -Frequency domain specifications
• Unit-5.0: Introduction to Controller Design
  • Lag. Lead and lag-lead networks
  • Effects of lag
  • Lead. and lag-lead compensation on frequency response analysis
  • Proportional
  • Integral and Derivative Controllers and their applications
• Unit-6.0: State Variable Analysis
  • Concept of state variables
  • State Space model
  • Diagonalization of state matrix
  • State transition matrix
  • Solution of state equations
  • Eigen values and stability analysis
  • Concept of Controllability and Observability

Text/Reference:-

1. Control Systems Engineering by S. Palani
2. Modern Control Engineering by Katsuhiko Ogata
3. Control Systems Engineering by I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal
4. B.C. Kuo and F. Golnaraghi, Automatic Control Systems", 8th Edition, John Wiley and Sons.

Energy, Environment and Sustainability

• Unit-1.0: Ecosystem and Biodiversity
  • Ecosystem definition
  • Types aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem
  • Structure of a basic ecosystem
  • Food chain and food web
  • Cycles in ecosystem - water
  • Carbon
  • Nitrogen
  • Sulphur and phosphorus
  • Biodiversity - definition
  • Types-genetic
  • Species and ecosystem biodiversity
  • Threats -Habitat loss
  • Poaching of wild life
  • Man-wild life conflicts-endangered and endemic species of India
  • Conservation of biodiversity
• Unit-2.0: Sustainable Energy Sources
  • Sustainable/ Renewable energy sources solar energy
  • Wind energy
  • Small hydro energy
  • Bio energy
  • Geothermal
  • And new energy sources hydrogen energy
  • Ocean energy and tidal energy
  • Definition of energy audit
  • Energy conservation
  • Energy efficiency and energy management (definition only with one/two examples)
  • Solar Energy - (i) Solar thermal energy conversionprinciple and applications solar water heater
  • Solar dryers
  • Solar stills distillation
  • Solar cooker
  • Solar ponds
  • (ii) PV system energy conversionprinciple
  • Solar cell technologies
  • Thin film generations
  • Solar cell
  • Unit
  • Array
  • Series parallel combinations and operations
  • Applications standalone
  • SPV water pump
  • Wind Energy
  • Wind plant and its parts
  • Types horizontal and vertical axis
  • Principle of harnessing wind energy
  • Advantages and challenges of harnessing wind energy
  • Small hydro energy - Principle
  • Types-Mini
  • Micro and Pico
  • Advantages and disadvantages
  • Biomass -biomass energy sources and their energy content
  • Biological conversion technologies -thermo-chemical conversion
  • Bio-chemical conversion and oil extraction
  • Biogas production
  • Types of biogas plant- floating (gobar gas) and fixed type
  • New Energy Sources: hydrogen energy
  • Geothermal
  • Ocean tidal and wave energy
• Unit-3.0: Environmental Pollution
  • Environment pollution air
  • Water
  • Noise and soil
  • Air pollution- sources of air pollution- chemical
  • Photochemical
  • Greenhouse effect
  • Ozone layer depletion and acid rain
  • Air pollutants classification-primary and secondary pollutants
  • Adverse effects of air pollution on human
  • Plant and animal
  • Air monitoring system and air pollutioncontrol
  • Water pollution sources of water pollution
  • Adverse effects of water pollution
  • Control of water pollution
  • Physical and chemical standard of domestic water as per indianstandard
  • Sound Pollution causes
  • Controlling measures
  • Measurement of sound pollution (deciblage)
  • Industrial and non industrial
  • Soil Pollution soil profile
  • Pollutants in soil
  • Their adverse effects
  • Controlling measures
• Unit-4.0: Climate Change
  • Impact of climate change
  • Factor contributing to climate change
  • Global warming and effect
  • Comparison of climate change with global warming
  • Action plan on climate change- India
• Unit-5.0: Sustainable Development
  • Concept of sustainability
  • Social
  • Environmental and economic aspect of sustainability
  • Origins of sustainable development: definition
  • Evolution and principles
  • Brundtl and report
  • Sustainable development goals (SDGs)
  • Strategies for sustainable development
• Unit-6.0: Sustainability Practices
  • Environment management system and planning
  • Environment protection acts
  • Legislation and laws
  • Zero waste and R concept
  • Circular economyenvironmental management standards
  • ISO 14000 series
  • Material life cycle analysis (LCA)
  • Scope and goal
  • Bio-mimicking
  • Environment impact assessment (EIA)
  • Procedures of EIA in India
  • Energy cycles- carbon cycle
  • Emission and sequestration
  • Zero carbon foot-print building for sustainable construction
  • Green engineering: sustainable urbanization- socio- economic and technological change
  • Sustainable habitat-(i) Green buildings
  • (ii) Green and sustainable materials -5R concept
  • (iii) Sustainable/green transports

Text/Reference:-

1. Ecology and Control of the Natural Environment, Izrael, Y.A., Kluwer Academic Publisher
2. eBook ISBN: 978-94-011-3390-6
3. Renewable Energy Sources and Emerging Technologies, Kothari, D.P. Singal, K.C., Ranjan, Rakesh, PHI Learning, New Delhi, 2009, ISBN-13-978-8120344709
4. Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability, Singh, Ritu, Kumar, Sanjeev, Springer International Publishing, 2017 eBook ISBN 978-3-319-50654-8.
5. Coping with Natural Hazards: Indian Context, K. S. Valadia Orient Longman, ISBN-10:8125027351, ISBN-13: 978-8125027355.
6. Introduction to Engineering and Environment, Edward S. Rubin McGraw Hill Publications ISBN-10: 0071181857, ISBN-13: 978-0071181853.
7. Environmental Science, Subrat Roy, Khanna Book Publishing Co. (P) Ltd., ISBN-978: 93-91505-65-3.

NPTEL-I (Open Course)

NPTEL (Open Course) Guidelines:

• NPTEL-I (Open Course) 12 Weeks (3 Credits)
• NPTEL (Open Course) should be taken from the course other than core subjects of the branch