4th Semester Syllabus

Chemical Process Technology

• Unit-1.0: Introduction to Chemical Processing
  • Introduction to process technology
  • Worldwide scenario of chemical industries
  • Unit operations like distillation
  • Absorption
  • Extraction etc
  • Unit processes like sulphonation
  • Hydrogenation etc
  • General principles applied in chemical industry
• Unit-2.0: Industrial Gases
  • Preparation, properties & application of water gas
  • Preparation, properties & application of coke oven gas
  • Synthesis, properties, application of natural gas and LPG
  • Synthesis, properties, application of oxygen and nitrogen production
• Unit-3.0: Inorganic Chemical Industries
  • Synthesis method
  • Properties
  • Application of sulphur industry (sulphuric acid)
  • Synthesis method
  • Properties
  • Application of nitrogen industry (ammonia and nitric acid)
  • Synthesis method
  • Properties
  • Application phosphorous industry (phosphorous, phosphoric acid, soda ash)
  • Synthesis method
  • Properties
  • Application of fertilizer industry (urea, ammonium nitrate)
• Unit-4.0: Organic Chemicals Industry
  • Synthesis method
  • Properties
  • Application of methanol production
  • Synthesis method
  • Properties
  • Application of formaldehyde production
  • Synthesis method
  • Properties
  • Application of ethylene production
  • Synthesis method
  • Properties
  • Application of acetic acid production
• Unit-5.0: Acetone and Phenol Synthesis and Production
  • Synthesis method
  • Properties
  • Application of acetone production
  • Synthesis method
  • Properties
  • Application of cumene production
  • Synthesis method
  • Properties
  • Application of phenol production
• Unit-6.0: Natural Product Industries
  • Synthesis
  • Properties of edible oil
  • Synthesis
  • Properties and application of Soap and detergent
  • Synthesis
  • Properties
  • Application of Paints and varnishes

Text/Reference Books

1. Dryden's Outlines of Chemical Technology, GopalRao M.and Sittig M, East-West Press Pvt Ltd, 3rd Edition, ISBN:9788185938790
2. Shreve's Chemical Process Industries, George T. Austin, McGraw Hill Book 5th edition. Company, ISBN:9780070571471
3. Text book of Chemical Technology, Shukla S.D. and Pandey G.N., Vikas Publishing House Private, Limited, ISBN: 070690463X, 9780706904635
4. Chemical Technology, I & III manuals of Chemical Technology, D. Venkteshwaralu Chemical Engineering. Ed. Dev. III Madras
5. Chemical Process Technology, Moulijn J. K; Makkee M. and van Diepen A, Wiley, ISBN-10: 1444320254 ISBN-13: 978-1444320251
6. Perry's chemical Engineer's Handbook, Perry R. H., Green D. W. McGraw Hill, New York ISBN-10: 0071422943 ISBN-13: 978-0071422949

Heat Transfer Operation

• Unit-1.0: Conduction
  • Basics concept of Heat Transfer
  • Steady state & unsteady state heat transfer
  • Concept of driving force & Fourier's law of heat transfer
  • Modes of heat transfer
  • Conduction
  • Convention & radiation
  • Concept of Thermal Conductivity
  • Calculation of Thermal Conductivity for solid
  • Liquid & gases
  • Rate of heat transfer from plane wall
  • Composite wall
  • Sphere & cylinder
  • Concept of Thermal Diffusivity
  • Lagging of pipes
  • Concept & importance of insulation
  • Critical thickness of insulation
  • Unsteady state conduction: Biot number
  • Fourier number
  • Numerical based on above topics
• Unit-2.0: Convection
  • Concept of convection mode of heat transfer
  • Concept of heat transfer coefficient
  • Derivation for individual & overall heat transfer coefficient
  • Natural Convection: Introduction convection current
  • Coefficient of thermal expansion
  • Significance of Dimensionless number
  • Dimensionless analysis
  • Forced Convection: Introduction
  • Thermal & hydrodynamic boundary layer
  • Heat transfer in laminar & turbulent flow inside & outside tube
  • Heat transfer analogies
  • Reynold's Analogy
  • Prandtl Analogy
  • Concept of condensation
  • Types & Nusselt's theory
  • Heat transfer to boiling liquids & Corelations
  • Film wise & dropwise condensation on vertical & horizontal surfaces
  • Numerical on above topics
• Unit-3.0: Radiation
  • Radiation mode of heat transfer
  • Maxwell's electromagnetic theory
  • Max Planck's theory
  • Radiative properties: Absorptivity
  • Transitivity
  • Reflectivity
  • Black body
  • Spectral Black body radiation intensity
  • Gray body
  • Black body emission power
  • Wein's displacement law
  • Stephan's Boltzmann's law
  • Opaque body
  • Kirchhoff's Law
  • Heat transfer between black bodies for finite & infinite distances
  • Radiation shield
  • Numerical on Radiation
• Unit-4.0: Heat Exchanger
  • Heat Exchanger: Concept
  • Importance & classification
  • Calculation of overall heat transfer coefficient for heat exchanger
  • Fouling: Concept of fouling
  • Reasons of fouling
  • Methods to reduce fouling
  • Fouling factors
  • Log Mean Temperature: Concept of LMTD
  • Calculation of LMTD for single pass
  • Multipass
  • Parallel
  • Cocurrent & Counter current flow
  • Concept of N.T.U
  • Calculation of effectiveness for co current & counter current mode of heat transfer
  • Heat Exchanger Construction
  • Working
  • Merits
  • Demerits of Shell & Tube heat exchanger
  • Double pipe heat exchanger
  • Reboiler
  • Plate type heat exchanger
  • Fins: Concept of fins
  • Fin efficiency & effectiveness
  • Numerical based on above topics
• Unit-5.0: Evaporators I
  • Evaporation: Concept of evaporation
  • Difference between evaporation & drying
  • Evaporator: Capacity & economy
  • Single effect & Multiple effect evaporator
  • Forward feed
  • Backward feed & mixed feed to evaporator
  • Vapor recompression
  • Mass & enthalpy balance for single effect evaporator
• Unit-6.0: Evaporators I
  • Construction
  • Working & application of evaporators such as: Falling film
  • Thin film
  • Forced circulation
  • Agitated Thin film & Multiple effect evaporator
  • Numerical on above topics

Text/Reference Books

1. Process Heat Transfer, D. Q. Kern, McGraw hill, 1997, ISBN-13: 978-0-07-463217-8; ISBN-10: 0-07-463217-5.
2. Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, Ma Cabe W. L., Smith J. C., Harriot P, 5th edition, McGraw Hill, 1993, ISBN: 0-07-112738-0.
3. Chemical Engineering Design, R. K. Sinnot, Coulson & Richardsons, Vol 1 & 6, Elsevier Science & Technology Books, ISBN: 0-7506-6538-6.
4. Heat Transfer, Holman J. P, 9th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2008., ISBN: 9780070634510, 0070634513.

Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

• Unit-1.0: First Law of Thermodynamics
  • Introductory concepts of thermodynamic systems and variables
  • Work
  • Heat
  • Internal energy
  • Enthalpy
  • Heat capacity
  • Thermodynamic equilibrium
  • Reversible and irreversible processes
  • Phase rule: significance of chemical engineering thermodynamics
  • First law of thermodynamics for flow and non-flow processes
  • Calculation of heat and work for various types of processes
  • Numerical
• Unit-2.0: Second Law of Thermodynamics
  • Second Law of Thermodynamics
  • Concepts of heat engine
  • Heat pump and refrigerator
  • Carnot principle and carnot cycle
  • Clausius Inequality
  • Concept of entropy and estimation of entropy change of various processes
  • Third law of Thermodynamics
• Unit-3.0: Volumetric Properties of Fluid: P-V-T behavior of pure fluids
  • Equation of state for real gases: van der waals EOS
  • Redlich-Kwong
  • Redlich-Kwong-Soave EOS and virial equation of state
  • Principle of corresponding states and generalized compressibility charts
  • Thermodynamic properties of pure fluids
  • Maxwell's equations
  • Joule-thomson Effect
  • Enthalpy and Entropy departure functions (van der waals and redlich-Kwong EOS)
  • Application of the laws of thermodynamics to flow process and refrigeration
• Unit-4.0: Properties of Mixture
  • Properties of ideal mixtures and solutions
  • Non-idealities of solutions and mixtures
  • Partial molar properties
  • Chemical potential
  • Activity and activity coefficients
  • Gibbs-duhem equation
  • Vapour-liquid equilibrium in ideal and non-ideal solutions
  • Estimation of activity coefficients using margules equations
  • Vanderwall equation and Wilson equation
  • Introduction to Vanderwall equation
  • UNIQUAC equation and UNIFAC method
• Unit-5.0: Chemical Reaction Equilibrium & Solution Thermodynamics
  • Concept of chemical reaction equilibrium
  • The standard Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium constant
  • Effect of temperature and pressure
  • Other factors affecting equilibrium conversion
  • Homogeneous liquid phase reactions
  • Heterogeneous reactions
• Unit-6.0: Solution Thermodynamics
  • Fugacity & fugacity coefficient
  • Pure species & species in solution
  • Excess properties
  • Excess gibbs free energy and activity coefficient

Text/Reference Books

1. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Smith J.M and Van Ness H.C; McGraw Hill, Seventh Edition ISBN: 978-0070145870
2. Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Rao Y.V.C University Press, ISBN: 978-8173710483
3. A textbook of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, K.V Narayanan, PHI learning. Second Edition ISBN: 978-8120347472
4. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, M.J. Moran, H.N. Shapiro, D.D. Boettner, M.B. Bailey, Wiley, 2018, 9th Edition ISBN: 978-1118412930
5. Introductory Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, J. Richard Elliot and Carl T. Lira Prentice Hall, 2012, 2nd Edition ISBN: 978-0136068549

Hazard and Risk analysis

• Unit-1.0: Introduction to Industrial Safety
  • Importance of safety in chemical industries
  • Concept of safety
  • Hazard and risk
  • Types of accidents in industries
  • Factors responsible for different types of accidents in industry
  • Direct & indirect effect of accidents
  • Different types of protective equipments
  • Safety rules/regulations for accidents/incidents preventions
  • Awareness of reactive chemicals hazards
  • Safety in plant startup & shut down
  • Different color coding in pipeline
  • Safety for workers in chemical industries
• Unit-2.0: Industrial Fire & Explosion
  • Concept of Fire & Explosion
  • Differentiate between fire & explosion
  • Factor responsible for fire & explosion
  • Classification of Fire
  • Concept of fire triangle
  • Flammability characteristics
  • Autoignition
  • Electrostatic ignition
  • Autooxidation
  • Types of explosions
  • Detonation
  • Deflagration
  • Confined & unconfined explosion
  • Concept of Vapor cloud explosion
  • Boiling liquid
  • Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
  • Fire extinguisher & Hydrants: Types
  • Installation
  • Operating procedure and application
  • Inerting & Purging methods
  • Control of Static electricity
  • Dip pipe system
  • Grounding
  • Room ventilation
• Unit-3.0: Industrial Toxic Release & Relief System
  • Toxic gases from industry
  • Biological effects of toxic gases on human health
  • Injection & elimination of toxic gases from biological system
  • Storage & handling of flammable & toxic releases
  • Source model & Dispersion model for toxic release
  • Factors affecting on dispersion
  • Equipment/ system (Deep Dry Scrubber System, Toxic gas detection system, Exhaust flow alarm system) for prevention of release of toxic gases
  • Importance of relief system
  • Type of relief system
  • Location of relief system
  • Safety features of pressure relief system
  • Application of relief system in industries
• Unit-4.0: Hazards identification method &
  • Hazards identification methods such as HAZOP (Hazard & Operability Analysis)
  • HAZAN (Hazard Analysis)
  • Hazard analysis: Process Hazards survey & checklist
  • Safety Audit: Importance
  • Procedure & committee for safety audit
• Unit-5.0: Risk assessment
  • Risk assessment technique: Reactive approach & Proactive approach Event tree & fault tree analysis with numerical
  • Maximum Credible Accident Analysis (MCAA)
  • Quantative Risk Assessment (QRA)
  • Advantages & disadvantages of assessment methods
• Unit-6.0: Investigation of Chemical Accidents
  • Accident investigation: Concept
  • Steps in accident investigation
  • Learning from accidents: Case studies: Bhopal Gas Tragedy
  • Flixborough England
  • Seveso Italy
  • Preventative measures to mitigate the accidents
  • Safety: Laws & Regulation

Text/Reference Books

1. Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications, Daniel A. Crowl, Joseph F. Louvar, Pearson Education, 2001, 9780132440554.
2. Chemical Process Safety, Learning from Case Histories, Roy E. Sandler's, Butterworth, Fourth Editon ISBN 978-0-12-801425-7.
3. Hazards in Chemical Units, Pandya C. L., Oxford & IBH Publishing Co Pvt.Ltd 1989, ISBN 8120402421.
4. Lees,s Loss Prevention in Process Industries. Vol 1,2 & 3, Lees F. P. Sam Mannan, Butterworth-Heinemann Fourth Edition 2012, ISBN 978-0123971890.

Process Equipment Design and Drawing

• Unit-1.0: Introduction to Chemical Process Equipment Design
  • Basic consideration in process equipment design
  • Nature of process equipment
  • Equipment classification & selection
  • Material of construction for chemical process equipment
  • Standards
  • Codes & their significance
  • Design preliminaries
  • Equipment Inspection and Non- destructive methods
  • Process flow diagrams
• Unit-2.0: Pressure Vessel
  • Type of pressure vessels
  • Code & standard for pressure vessels (IS: 2825:1969)
  • Pressure vessel subjected to internal pressure
  • Complete design of cylindrical pressure vessel (study, Shell, Head, nozzles, Flanged joints)
  • Theories of failure
  • Constructional method of high- Pressure vessels
  • Design of multi layered high pressure vessels (stress distribution diagram)
• Unit-3.0: Reaction Vessel and Agitators
  • Classification of reaction vessels
  • Types of jackets& design of jackets
  • Types of agitators & their application
  • Components of agitation system
  • Power requirement of agitators
  • System which includes design of shaft based on equivalent bending moment and critical speed
  • Design of blades & blade assembly
• Unit-4.0: Heat Exchangers
  • Classification of heat exchangers
  • Design of shell and tube heat exchanger (U-tube and fixed tube sheet) IS: 4503
  • TEMA standards (shell, Tube, Tube sheets, Channel and channel cover, Flanged joints)
• Unit-5.0: Evaporators
  • Classification of evaporators
  • Design of standard vertical evaporator with design of calendria and tube
  • Flange evaporator drums and heads
• Unit-6.0: Tall Column, Storage Vessel and Supports
  • Basic features of columns
  • Stresses in column shell
  • Shell thickness determination at various heights
  • Study of type of column internals
  • Study of various types of storage vessels and application
  • Various types of roofs used for storage vessels
  • Calculation of variation in thickness with height only
  • Introduction & classification of support (Study)

Text/Reference Books

1. Process Equipment Design, M.V. Joshi, Macmillan India ISBN-139780333924181
2. Process Equipment Vessel Design, E. Brownell and Edwin, H. Young, John Wiley, New York 1963.
3. Chemical Engineering Design Volume 6, J.M Coulson, J.F. Richardson Pregamovr press, International edition 1989, Volume 6
4. Introduction to Chemical Equipment Design- Mechanical aspects, B.C. Bhattacharya, CBS Publications ISBN-10 : 9788123909455 ISBN-13 : 978-8123909455
5. Chemical Engineering Design, Ray Sinnott and Gavin Towler, Elsevier, Butterworth- Heinemann Publications, Fifth edition ISBN: 9780080942490

Energy, Environment and Sustainability

• Unit-1.0: Ecosystem and Biodiversity
  • Ecosystem definition
  • Types aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem
  • Structure of a basic ecosystem
  • Food chain and food web
  • Cycles in ecosystem water
  • Carbon
  • Nitrogen
  • Sulphur and phosphorus
  • Biodiversity definition
  • Types-genetic
  • Species and ecosystem biodiversity
  • Threats -Habitat loss
  • Poaching of wild life
  • Man-wild life conflicts-endangered and endemic species of India
  • Conservation of biodiversity
• Unit-2.0: Sustainable Energy Sources
  • Sustainable/ Renewable energy sources solar energy
  • Wind energy
  • Small hydro energy
  • Bio energy
  • Geothermal
  • And new energy sources hydrogen energy
  • Ocean energy and tidal energy
  • Definition of energy audit
  • Energy conservation
  • Energy efficiency and energy management (definition only with one/two examples)
  • Solar Energy (i) Solar thermal energy conversionprinciple and applications solar water heater
  • Solar dryers
  • Solar stills distillation
  • Solar cooker
  • Solar ponds
  • (ii) PV system energy conversionprinciple
  • Solar cell technologies
  • Thin film generations
  • Solar cell
  • Unit-
  • Array
  • Series parallel combinations and operations
  • Applications standalone
  • SPV water pump
  • Wind Energy
  • Wind plant and its parts
  • Types horizontal and vertical axis
  • Principle of harnessing wind energy
  • Advantages and challenges of harnessing wind energy
  • Small hydro energy - Principle
  • Types-Mini
  • Micro and Pico
  • Advantages and disadvantages
  • Biomass -biomass energy sources and their energy content
  • Biological conversion technologies -thermo-chemical conversion
  • Bio-chemical conversion and oil extraction
  • Biogas production
  • Types of biogas plant- floating (gobar gas) and fixed type
  • New Energy Sources: hydrogen energy
  • Geothermal
  • Ocean tidal and wave energy
• Unit-3.0: Environmental Pollution
  • Environment pollution air
  • Water
  • Noise and soil
  • Air pollution- sources of air pollution- chemical
  • Photochemical
  • Greenhouse effect
  • Ozone layer depletion and acid rain
  • Air pollutants classification-primary and secondary pollutants
  • Adverse effects of air pollution on human
  • Plant and animal
  • Air monitoring system and air pollutioncontrol
  • Water pollution sources of water pollution
  • Adverse effects of water pollution
  • Control of water pollution
  • Physical and chemical standard of domestic water as per indianstandard
  • Sound Pollution causes
  • Controlling measures
  • Measurement of sound pollution (deciblage)
  • Industrial and non industrial
  • Soil Pollution soil profile
  • Pollutants in soil
  • Their adverse effects
  • Controlling measures
• Unit-4.0: Climate Change
  • Impact of climate change
  • Factor contributing to climate change
  • Global warming causes and effect
  • Comparison of climate change with global warming
  • Action plan on climate change- India
• Unit-5.0: Sustainable Development
  • Concept of sustainability
  • Social
  • Environmental and economic aspect of sustainability
  • Origins of sustainable development: definition
  • Evolution and principles
  • Brundtl and report
  • Sustainable development goals (SDGs)
  • Strategies for sustainable development
• Unit-6.0: Sustainability Practices
  • Environment management system and planning
  • Environment protection acts
  • Legislation and laws
  • Zero waste and R concept
  • Circular economyenvironmental management standards
  • ISO 14000 series
  • Material life cycle analysis (LCA)
  • Scope and goal
  • Bio-mimicking
  • Environment impact assessment (EIA)
  • Procedures of EIA in India
  • Energy cycles- carbon cycle
  • Emission and sequestration
  • Zero carbon foot-print building for sustainable construction
  • Green engineering: sustainable urbanization- socio- economic and technological change
  • Sustainable habitat-(i)Green buildings
  • (ii) Green and sustainable materials -5R concept
  • (iii) Sustainable/green transports

Text/Reference Books

1. Ecology and Control of the Natural Environment, Izrael, Y.A., Kluwer Academic Publisher, eBook ISBN: 978-94-011-3390-6.
2. Renewable Energy Sources and Emerging Technologies, Kothari, D.P. Singal, K.C., Ranjan, Rakesh, PHI Learning, New Delhi, 2009, ISBN-13-978-8120344709
3. Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability, Singh, Ritu, Kumar, Sanjeev, Springer International Publishing, 2017 eBook ISBN 978-3-319-50654-8.
4. Coping with Natural Hazards: Copyright content of A.p.n.a B.E.U, K. S. Valadia Orient Longman, ISBN- 10:8125027351, ISBN-13: 978-8125027355.
5. Introduction to Engineering and Environment, Edward S. Rubin McGraw Hill Publications ISBN-10: 0071181857, ISBN-13: 978-0071181853.
6. Environmental Science, Subrat Roy, Khanna Book Publishing Co. (P) Ltd., ISBN- 978: 93-91505-65-3.

NPTEL-I (Open Course)

• 12 Weeks (3 Credits)
  • NPTEL (Open Course) Guidelines: NPTEL (Open Course) should be taken from the course other than core subjects of the branch.