Abhi PYQ

4th Semester Syllabus

Bio Medical & Robotics Engineering

Theory Subjects

Lab Subjects

Biomedical Transducer and Instrumentation

  • Unit 1.0: Overview and Basic Concepts
    • Overview of biomedical transducers and instrumentation
    • Basic concepts: transduction principles, sensors, and actuators
    • Signal conditioning techniques
    • Introduction to physiological measurements and applications
    • Biomedical sensors and their classifications
  • Unit 2.0: Biosignal Acquisition and Processing - I
    • Physiology of bioelectric signals (ECG, EEG, EMG, etc.)
    • Principles of biosignal acquisition and processing
    • Electrodes and electrode-skin interface
  • Unit 3.0: Biosignal Acquisition and Processing - II
    • Amplification, filtering, and artifact removal techniques
    • Noise reduction and signal enhancement methods
  • Unit 4.0: Imaging Modalities in Biomedical Instrumentation
    • Introduction to medical imaging techniques
    • Instrumentation of X-ray imaging and computed tomography (CT)
    • Instrumentation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
    • Instrumentation of ultrasound imaging principles and applications
    • Instrumentation of nuclear medicine imaging techniques
  • Unit 5.0: Biomedical Instrumentation for Therapeutic Applications
    • Principles of therapeutic devices: pacemakers, defibrillators, etc.
    • Drug delivery systems and infusion pumps
    • Neurostimulation devices and prosthetics
    • Rehabilitation and assistive devices
    • Wearable health monitoring devices
  • Unit 6.0: Emerging Trends in Biomedical Instrumentation
    • Wearable biosensors and remote monitoring systems
    • Point-of-care diagnostic devices
    • Nanotechnology in biomedical instrumentation
    • Biomedical robotics and artificial intelligence
    • Regulatory standards and ethical considerations

Text/Reference Books

  1. Introduction to Biomedical Engineering, John Enderle, Joseph Bronzino, and Susan Blanchard, Academic Press Inc, ISBN-13: 978-0122386602
  2. Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements, Leslie Cromwell, Fred J. Weibell, and Erich A. Pfeiffer, Pearson Education India; 2nd edition, ISBN-13: 978-9332556911
  3. Biomedical Sensors and Instruments, Tatsuo Tagawa, Toshiyo Tamura, P. Ake Oberg, CRC Press,(22 March 2011), ISBN:9781420090796
  4. Principles of Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement, Richard Aston, Pearson Prentice Hall (20 March 1990), ISBN-13: 978-0675209434
  5. Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design, John G. Webster, Wiley; Fourth edition (1 January 2015), ISBN-13: 978-8126553792
  6. Biomedical Instrumentation Technology and Applications, R.S. Khandpur, McGraw Hill Education; 1st edition (16 December 2004), ISBN-13: 978-0071447843

Robotics Engineering

  • Unit 1.0: Introduction - Robot Anatomy
    • Robot Anatomy, types of robots, degree of freedom, robot workspace
    • Robot configurations, mobile robots
    • Coordinate frames - mappings: changing descriptions from frame to frame - translations, rotations, homogenous transformations
  • Unit 2.0: Introduction-II
    • RPY configurations
    • Overview of robot subsystems - sensors and actuators
    • Pneumatic, hydraulic, and electrical actuators
    • Specifications of different industrial robots
  • Unit 3.0: Robot Mechanisms
    • Types of links, kinematics pair and classification of kinematics pairs
    • Types of constrained motion
    • Kinematic chain degrees of freedom of mechanisms
    • Linear and angular velocity of rigid bodies
    • Motion of the links of a robot - velocity propagation from link to link
    • Jacobians - singularity
  • Unit 4.0: Robot Kinematics
    • Forward Kinematics: denavit hartenberg (DH) notation of forward kinematic equations
    • Forward kinematic analysis for four axes SCARA robot and three, five, and six-axis articulated robots
    • The inverse kinematics problem: general properties of solutions
    • Inverse kinematics of four-axis SCARA robot and three and five-axis articulated robot
  • Unit 5.0: Workspace Analysis and Trajectory Planning
    • Workspace analysis, work envelope of a four axis SCARA robot
    • Work envelope of five axis articulated robot workspace fixtures
    • The pick and place operations
    • Joint space technique - continuous path motion, interpolated motion, straight-line motion
    • Cartesian space technique in trajectory planning
  • Unit 6.0: Manipulator Dynamics
    • Lagrange's equation for kinetic and potential energy
    • Link inertia tensor, link jacobian manipulator inertia tensor
    • Lagrange-euler dynamic model - for a two-axis planar robot
    • Newton euler formulation, lagrange euler formulation

Text/Reference Books

  1. Robotics and Control, R. K. Mittal, I. J. Nagrath, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd ISBN-978-0070482937
  2. Theory of Machines and Mechanism, J. E. Shigley and J.J.Uicker Jr., McGraw Hill ISBN019515598X
  3. Introduction to robotics: analysis, control, applications, Niku, Saeed B, John Wiley & Sons, 2020 ISBN-978-1119527626
  4. Introduction to Robotics, S K Saha, Tata McGraw-Hill, Second Edition, 2017 ISBN-978-9332902800
  5. Fundamentals of Robotics Analysis and Control, Robert J. Schilling, PHI Learning, 2009. ISBN-978-0133444339

Sensors and Actuators

  • Unit 1.0: Sensor Classifications and Characteristics
    • Sensor classifications and characteristics
    • Overview and their working
    • Touch and proximity sensors: IR, Photodiodes, Tactile sensors, Collision sensors, Interaction sensors, Proximity/distance sensors
  • Unit 2.0: Position and Velocity Measurement
    • Optical encoder
    • Potentiometer
    • 2D and 3D cameras velocity measurement
    • Inertia sensors: Gyroscopes, Accelerometer
  • Unit 3.0: Force and Torque Measurement
    • Force sensors: definition, types, application, advantage and disadvantage
    • Torque sensors: definition, types, application, advantage and disadvantage
    • Range sensors: IR, Ultrasonic sensors, laser ranger finder: definition, types, application, advantage and disadvantage
  • Unit 4.0: Robotic Actuators
    • Hydraulic actuators: operating principle, advantage and disadvantage
    • Pneumatic actuators: operating principle, advantage and disadvantage
    • Electrical actuators: operating principle, advantage and disadvantage
  • Unit 5.0: Introduction to Motors
    • DC motors: Component, types, application, advantage and disadvantage
    • AC motors: Component, types, application, advantage and disadvantage
    • Stepping motors: Component, types, application, advantage and disadvantage
    • Servo motors: Component, types, application, advantage and disadvantage
  • Unit 6.0: Motion Transmission
    • Gear transmission: Component, application, advantage and disadvantage
    • Belt transmission: Component, application, advantage and disadvantage
    • Hydraulic drive: Component, application, advantage and disadvantage

Text/Reference Books

  1. Sensors, Actuators and Their Interfaces: A multidisciplinary introduction, Nathan Ida, 2nd Edition, 2020.
  2. Industrial Robotics: Technology Programming and Applications, Mikell P Groover, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, 2012.
  3. Introduction to Robotics, Analysis and Control, John J Craig, 2nd Edition-Wesley 1999.
  4. Fundamentals of Robotics, Analysis and control, Robert J Schilling, Prentice Hall of India.

Principles of Communication Engineering

  • Unit 1.0: Analog Modulation
    • Frequency domain representation of signals
    • Principles of amplitude modulation systems - DSB, SSB and VSB modulations
    • Angle Modulation - Representation of FM and PM signals
    • Generation and detection of modulation AM and FM
    • Super heterodyne receiver
  • Unit 2.0: Digital Modulation
    • Fundamentals of digital communication system
    • Analog vs. digital communication
    • Basic digital communication nomenclature
    • Generation and detection of modulation schemes - phase shift keying, frequency shift keying, minimum shift keying, Quadrature amplitude modulation
    • Power spectra, bandwidth efficiency, BER
  • Unit 3.0: Probability & Random Processes
    • Review of probability and random process
    • Gaussian and white noise characteristics
    • Noise in amplitude modulation systems
    • Noise in frequency modulation systems
    • Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis
    • Threshold effect in angle modulation
    • Matched Filter
  • Unit 4.0: Pulse Modulation - I
    • Sampling process
    • Baseband pulse transmission - inter symbol interference and nyquist criterion
    • Generation and detection of pulse amplitude pulse position and pulse code modulation (PCM)
  • Unit 5.0: Pulse Modulation - II
    • Differential pulse code modulation
    • Delta modulation
    • Noise considerations in PCM
    • Digital Multiplexers
  • Unit 6.0: Information Coding and Decoding
    • Coding for error detection and correction
    • Block coding - coding and decoding
    • Hamming code
    • Cyclic codes
    • Convolution coding and decoding
    • Viterbi algorithm
    • Shannon Fano and Hoffman Codes

Text/Reference Books

  1. Communication Systems, Simon Haykins & Moher, John Willey India Pvt. Ltd, 5th Edition, 2010, ISBN 9788126521517
  2. Modern Analog and Digital Communication System, B P Lathi, Zhi Ding, Oxford University Press, 4th edition. ISBN-13 : 978-0198073802
  3. Electronics Communication Systems, Kennedy George, Davis Bernard, Prasanna SRM, Mc-Graw Hill 5th edition, New dehli, 2011, ISBN: 9780071077828
  4. Principle of Electronics Communication, Frezel Louis E., Mc-Graw Hill 5th edition, New dehli, 2007, ISBN: 9780073222783
  5. An Introduction to Analog and Digital Communication, Simon Haykins, John Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4th edition, 2008, ISBN: 9788126536535
  6. Communication Systems: Analog and Digital, R.P.Singh and S.Sapre, TMH 2nd edition, 2007. ISBN-978-1259004605

Energy, Environment and Sustainability

  • Unit 1.0: Ecosystem and Biodiversity
    • Ecosystem - definition, types - aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem
    • Structure of a basic ecosystem
    • Food chain and food web
    • Cycles in ecosystem - water, carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus
    • Biodiversity - definition, types - genetic, species and ecosystem biodiversity
    • Threats - Habitat loss, poaching of wild life, man-wild life conflicts - endangered and endemic species of India
    • Conservation of biodiversity
  • Unit 2.0: Sustainable Energy Sources
    • Sustainable/ Renewable energy sources - solar energy, wind energy, small hydro energy, bio energy, geothermal, and new energy sources - hydrogen energy, ocean energy and tidal energy
    • Definition of energy audit, energy conservation, energy efficiency and energy management (definition only with one/two examples)
    • Solar Energy - (i) Solar thermal energy conversion principle and applications - solar water heater, solar dryers, solar stills distillation, solar cooker, solar ponds
    • (ii) PV system energy conversion principle, solar cell technologies, thin film generations, solar cell, module, array, series parallel combinations and operations, applications - standalone, SPV water pump
    • Wind Energy, wind plant and its parts, types - horizontal and vertical axis, principle of harnessing wind energy, advantages and challenges of harnessing wind energy
    • Small hydro energy - Principle, types - Mini, Micro and Pico, advantages and disadvantages
    • Biomass - biomass energy sources and their energy content, biological conversion technologies - thermo-chemical conversion, bio-chemical conversion and oil extraction, biogas production, types of biogas plant - floating (gobar gas) and fixed type
    • New Energy Sources: hydrogen energy, geothermal, ocean - tidal and wave energy
  • Unit 3.0: Environmental Pollution
    • Environmental pollution - air, water, noise and soil
    • Air pollution - sources of air pollution - chemical, photochemical, green house effect, ozone layer depletion and acid rain
    • Air pollutants classification - primary and secondary pollutants
    • Adverse effects of air pollution on human, plant and animal
    • Air monitoring system and air pollution control
    • Water pollution - sources of water pollution
    • Adverse effects of water pollution
    • Control of water pollution
    • Physical and chemical standard of domestic water as per Indian standard
    • Sound Pollution - causes, controlling measures, measurement of sound pollution (deciblage), industrial and non - industrial
    • Soil Pollution - soil profile, pollutants in soil, their adverse effects, controlling measures
  • Unit 4.0: Climate Change and Sustainable Development
    • Topics not specified in document

Text/Reference Books

  1. Ecology and Control of the Natural Environment, Izrael, Y.A., Kluwer Academic Publisher, eBook ISBN: 978-94-011-3390-6
  2. Renewable Energy Sources and Emerging Technologies, Kothari, D.P. Singal, K.C., Ranjan, Rakesh, PHI Learning, New Delhi, 2009, ISBN-13 - 978-8120344709
  3. Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability, Singh, Ritu, Kumar, Sanjeev, Springer International Publishing, 2017 eBook ISBN 978-3-319-50654-8
  4. Coping with Natural Hazards: Indian Context, K. S. Valadia Orient Longman, ISBN-10:8125027351, ISBN-13: 978-8125027355
  5. Introduction to Engineering and Environment, Edward S. Rubin McGraw Hill Publications ISBN-10: 0071181857, ISBN-13: 978-0071181853
  6. Environmental Science, Subrat Roy, Khanna Book Publishing Co. (P) Ltd., ISBN-978: 93-91505-65-3

Indian Knowledge System

  • Unit 1.0: Introduction to Indian Knowledge Systems
    • Overview of IKS
    • Organization of IKS
    • Conception and constitution of knowledge in indian tradition
    • The oral tradition
    • Models and Strategies of IKS
  • Unit 2.0: Overview of IKS Domains and Relevance
    • The Vedas as the basis of IKS
    • Overview of all the six vedangas
    • Relevance of following IKS domains in present technical education system:
    • Arthashastra (Indian economics and political systems)
    • Ganita and Jyamiti (Indian mathematics, astronomy and geometry)
    • Rasayana (Indian chemical Sciences)
    • Ayurveda (Indian Biological Sciences / Diet & Nutrition)
    • Jyotish Vidya (observational astronomy and calendar systems)
    • Prakriti Vidya (Indian system of terrestrial/ material sciences/ecology and atmospheric sciences)
    • Vastu Vidya (Indian system of aesthetics - iconography and built-environment /architecture)
    • Nyaya Shastra (Indian systems of social ethics, logic and law)
    • Shilpa and Natya Shastra (Indian classical arts: performing and fine arts)
    • Sankhya and Yoga Darshna (Indian psychology, yoga and consciousness studies)
    • Vrikshayurveda (plant science/sustainable agriculture/food preservation methods)

Text/Reference Books

  1. Introduction to Indian Knowledge System: Concepts and Applications, Archak, K.B. (2012), Kaveri Books, New Delhi, ISBN-13:978-9391818203
  2. Introduction To Indian Knowledge System: Concepts and Applications, Mahadevan, B. Bhat, Vinayak Rajat, Nagendra Pavana R.N., PHI, ISBN: 9789391818203
  3. Glimpse into Kautilya's Arthashastra Ramachandrudu P. (2010), Sanskrit Academy, Hyderabad, ISBN:9788380171074
  4. "Introduction" in Studies in Epics and Puranas, (Eds.), KM Munshi and N Chandrashekara Aiyer Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan

Biomedical Transducer and Instrumentation Lab [117401P]

Perform any ten experiments

  1. Calibration and verification of various biomedical transducers and sensors
  2. Experimentation with signal conditioning circuits
  3. Calibration of biomedical sensors
  4. Data acquisition systems and software
  5. Acquisition and processing of bioelectric signals (ECG, EEG, EMG) using lab-grade equipment
  6. Design and implementation of filtering and amplification circuits
  7. Electrode-skin interface and electrode placement techniques
  8. Signal processing using MATLAB or similar software
  9. Demonstration of X-ray imaging and CT scan procedures
  10. MRI imaging principles and safety precautions
  11. Ultrasound imaging techniques and image interpretation
  12. Simulations to nuclear medicine imaging experiments
  13. Dissection and demonstration of therapeutic devices
  14. Simulation of drug delivery systems and infusion pumps
  15. Experimentation with neurostimulation devices
  16. Wearable health monitoring devices
  17. Wearable Biosensors
  18. Demonstration of point-of-care diagnostic devices
  19. Experimentation with nanotechnology-based biomedical instruments
  20. Regulatory standards and ethical issues in biomedical instrumentation

Robotics Engineering Lab [117402P]

Perform any ten experiments

  1. Coordinate frames and transformations in robotics using roboanalyzer/MATLAB/others
  2. Performing position analysis, velocity analysis, acceleration analysis and dynamic force analysis using MATLAB/others
  3. Evaluation of Joint angles of robot by inverse kinematics using C/MATLAB/others
  4. Determination of mass moment of inertia and radius of gyration of robotic links
  5. Forward kinematics of robots using roboanalyzer/MATLAB/others
  6. Inverse kinematics of robots using roboanalyzer/MATLAB/others
  7. Forward and inverse dynamics of robots using roboanalyzer/MATLAB/others
  8. Virtual Models of Industrial Robots using roboanalyzer/MATLAB/others
  9. Graphical modeling of scara, cartesian, cylindrical, polar robot (robo analyzer)
  10. Graphical modeling of multi-robot cell (abb studio/robo analyzer)
  11. Robot programming and simulation for any industrial process (Packaging, Assembly)
  12. Robot programming and simulation for machining (cutting, welding)

Sensors and Actuators Lab [117403P]

Perform any ten experiments

  1. To evaluate the performance and effectiveness of an IR proximity sensor
  2. To understand and calibrate the sensitivity of Use a capacitive touch sensor
  3. Learn how to control the position of a servomotor
  4. Understand the basic operation of a stepping motor
  5. To investigate how different gear ratios affect the speed and torque of a gear transmission system
  6. To evaluate the performance of hydraulic actuators under various operating conditions
  7. To analyze the performance of pneumatic cylinders under various conditions
  8. To calibrate a force sensor and determine its accuracy
  9. To evaluate how temperature variations affect the performance of a force sensor
  10. To calibrate a torque sensor and determine its accuracy
  11. To study the performance of servomotor control for open & closed loop system
  12. To study the PLC control process of bottle filling Module

Communication Engineering Lab [117404P]

Perform any ten experiments

  1. Establish simple and half duplex communication link
  2. Establish simple and full duplex communication link
  3. Generation of AM Modulated Wave for different Carrier Frequencies
  4. Measurement of Modulation Index of generated the AM Wave
  5. Use AM Demodulator circuit to detect the received signal. Calculate the S/N ratio
  6. Use IC 566 to generate FM modulation and measure its Modulation Index
  7. Use any software to generate AM and FM waves
  8. Perform the generation and detection of ASK, FSK, BPSK, DBPSK signals with variable length data pattern
  9. Verify the Sampling Theorem for different frequencies
  10. Verify the Modulation and demodulation of PAM, PWM & PPM
  11. Perform the generation the various data formatting schemes (Unipolar, Bipolar, Manchester, AMI etc.)
  12. Calculate the S/N ratio and design Matched Filter for PCM System
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