Abhi PYQ

6th Semester Syllabus

Aeronautical Engineering

Credits Table

Course Title L T P Credits
Aerodynamics - I [116601] 3 0 0 3
Heat Transfer: Aerospace Application [116602] 2 0 0 2
Aircraft Systems and Instruments [116603] 3 0 0 3
Finite Element Method [116604] 2 0 0 2
Employability Skills (Non-Credit) [116605] 3 0 0 0
Program Elective-I [1166XX] 3 0 0 3
Open Elective-II [1006XX] 3 0 0 3
Aircraft Systems and Instruments Lab [116603P] 0 0 3 1.5
Finite Element Method Lab [116604P] 0 0 2 1
NPTEL Courses-I Lab [116606P] 0 0 4 2
TOTAL 20.5

Theory Subjects

Lab Subjects

Aerodynamics - I [116601]

  • Unit 1.0: Basics of Aerodynamics
    • Review of Fluid Mechanics
    • Developments in aerodynamics
    • Fundamental aerodynamics variables
    • Aerofoil Geometry and nomenclature
    • Aerodynamic forces and moments and coefficients
    • Pressure distribution on an airfoil
    • Variation of pressure distribution with respect to angle of attack
    • Types of drag
    • Estimation of lift
    • Drag and pitching moment coefficient from the pressure distribution
    • Governing equations Continuity
    • Momentum and Energy equations in differential form
    • Flow regimes based on Mach number
    • Pitot tube: Measurement of airspeed
    • Pressure Coefficient
    • Aerofoil characteristics
    • Cl vs Angle of attack
    • Aspect ratio effect on Cl curve
    • Cl vs Cd
    • Pitching moment coefficient
    • NACA Airfoil
    • Wing Geometrical Parameters
  • Unit 2.0: Inviscid Incompressible Flow Over Airfoil
    • Inviscid Incompressible Flows: Angular Velocity
    • Vorticity and circulation
    • Potential flow
    • Velocity potential
    • Stream function
    • Laplace equation
    • Flow singularities
    • Governing Equation for incompressible and irrotational flow
    • Elementary flows and their combinations Uniform
    • Source
    • Sink
    • Doublet and Vortex flow
    • Combination of a uniform flow with a source and sink
    • Boundary condition at infinity and wall
    • Magnus effect
    • D'Alembert's Paradox
    • Kutta-Joukowski theorem
    • Kutta condition
    • Kelvin's circulation theorem & starting vortex
    • Concept of small perturbation & thin airfoil theory
    • Expressions for calculating the aerodynamic center and Center of pressure
    • Non lifting flow over a circular cylinder
    • Lifting flow over a cylinder
    • Wing-body interference
    • Effect of propeller on wings and bodies and tail unit
    • Flow over a flat plate
    • Flow over airplane as a whole
    • Wind tunnel and its Components
    • Types of wind tunnels and Model testing in wind tunnels
    • Pressure
    • Temperature
    • Velocity measurements Hotwire and Laser Doppler anemometer
    • Force measurements- Wind tunnel balances
    • Flow visualization
    • Techniques- Schileren and Shadowgraph methods
  • Unit 3.0: Conformal Transformation
    • Conformal transformation
    • Basic Principles
    • Complex numbers
    • Differentiation of a Complex Function
    • Complex potential
    • Cauchy-Riemann equation
    • Examples of Simple Transformation
    • Kutta-Joukowski Transformation and its application to fluid flow problems:- Transformation of Circle to Straight Line
    • Transformation of Circle to Ellipse
    • Transformation of Circle to Symmetrical Aerofoil
    • Transformation of a Circle to a Cambered Aerofoil
    • Transformation of Circle to Circular Arc
    • Karman-Trefftz Profiles
    • The Velocity and Pressure Distributions on the Joukowski Aerofoil
  • Unit 4.0: Inviscid Incompressible Flow over Wings
    • Vortex motions
    • Forced Vortex
    • Free Vortex
    • Compound Vortex
    • Vortex line
    • Vortex tube
    • Vortex sheet
    • Physical meaning of circulation
    • Kelvin and Helmhotz theorem
    • Biot-Savart's law
    • Applications
    • Rankine's vortex
    • Flow past finite wings
    • Vortex model of the wing and bound vortices
    • Starting
    • Bound & trailing vortices of wings
    • Prandtl's Lifting line theorem- downwash and induced drag
    • Elliptic loading & wings of elliptic platforms
    • Expression for induced drag
    • Minimum induced drag for Elliptic platform
    • Influence of taper and twist applied to wings
    • Effect of sweep back wings
    • Delta wings
    • Primary and secondary vortex
  • Unit 5.0: Propeller Theory
    • Froude momentum and Blade element theories
    • Propeller coefficients
    • Performance of fixed and variable pitch propeller
    • Airscrew
    • Airscrew pitch
    • Geometric Pitch
    • Mean pitch
    • Vortex system of an airscrew
    • Performance of blade
    • Actuator disc in hovering flight
    • Ideal momentum theory
    • Blade element theory
    • Activity factor
    • Airscrew coefficients
    • Selection of propellers
    • Fixed
    • Variable and constant speed propellers
    • Material for propellers
  • Unit 6.0: Boundary Layer Theory
    • Role of viscosity in fluid flow
    • Boundary layer growth along a flat plate and nearly flat surface
    • Displacement thickness and patching of inviscid external flow to viscous boundary layer flow
    • Laminar boundary layer
    • Transition and turbulent boundary layer
    • Factors influencing boundary layer separation adverse pressure gradient and sharp bending / turning of surface
    • Real (viscous) flow and importance of skin friction drag airfoils
    • Blasius solution for the flat plate problem
    • Definition of momentum thickness & Von Karman's momentum equation

Text/Reference:

  1. Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, Anderson, J. D., McGraw-Hill Education, Sixth Edition, 2016, ISBN: 1259129918, 978-1259129919.
  2. Aerodynamics Clancy, L.J. Shroff, 2006, ISBN: 8175980575, 978-8175980570.
  3. Theoretical Aerodynamics, Ethirajan Rathakrishnan, John Wiley & Sons Inc, First Edition, 2013. ISBN: 1118479343, 978-1118479346.
  4. Aerodynamics for Engineering Students, E. L. Houghton, P. W. Carpenter, Steven H. Collicott, and Daniel T. Valentine, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Seventh edition, 2016, ISBN: 0081001940, 978-0081001943.
  5. Foundations of Aerodynamics: Bases of Aerodynamic Design, A.M. Kuethe and C-Y Chow, Wiley India Pvt Ltd, Fifth edition, 2009, ISBN:8126523980, 978-8126523986
  6. Aerodynamics for Engineering Students, John J. Bertin and Russell M. Cummings, Pearson, 5th Edition, 2009.

Heat Transfer: Aerospace Application [116602]

  • Unit 1.0: Introduction to Heat Transfer in Aerospace Systems
    • Basic Concepts: Modes of Heat Transfer: Conduction
    • Convection
    • Radiation
    • Aerospace-specific thermal challenges in subsonic
    • Supersonic
    • And hypersonic regimes
    • Reduced gravity
    • Aerodynamic heating
    • High heat flux
    • Thermal loads
    • Shock loading
    • And structural integrity
    • Thermal Management Strategies: Film cooling
    • Ablative cooling
    • Transpiration cooling
    • Cryogenics and heat pipes
    • Microchannels and phase change systems
    • Relevance to Applications: Thermal loading in launch and reentry vehicles
    • Role of compactness and weight constraints in aerospace systems
  • Unit 2.0: Conduction Heat Transfer in Aerospace Structures
    • Fundamentals: Fourier's law
    • Thermal conductivity
    • Electrical analogy
    • Heat diffusion equation in Cartesian coordinates with boundary conditions
    • Analytical Solutions: Steady-state conduction in plane slabs
    • Cylindrical shells
    • And spherical coordinates
    • Critical insulation thickness and thermal resistance concept
    • Extended Surfaces (Fins): Fin efficiency and effectiveness for cooling engine components and avionics
    • Transient Conduction: Lumped system analysis
    • Biot number
    • Heisler charts for transient conduction problems
    • Thermal penetration in ablative materials during atmospheric reentry
  • Unit 3.0: Convection Heat Transfer in Aerospace Systems
    • Fundamentals: Free and forced convection
    • Newton's law of cooling
    • Nusselt
    • Reynolds
    • Prandtl
    • Grashof
    • And Rayleigh numbers
    • Boundary Layers: Hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers
    • Similarity solutions
    • Reynolds Analogy and turbulent convection concepts
    • High-Speed Effects: Aerodynamic heating on spacecraft and missile surfaces
    • Thermal protection mechanisms at hypersonic speeds
    • Special Topics: Low-density heat transfer in high-altitude flights (Knudsen number effects)
    • Microgravity convection and boiling/condensation in spacecraft
    • Cryogenic convection and Kapitza resistance in fuel systems
  • Unit 4.0: Radiation Heat Transfer and Space Applications
    • Radiative Transfer Fundamentals: Blackbody radiation
    • Emissivity
    • Absorptivity
    • Planck's law
    • Stefan-Boltzmann law
    • Wien's law
    • Kirchoff's law
    • Lambert's cosine law
    • Engineering Applications: View factor and enclosure analysis for spacecraft interiors
    • Radiative cooling systems for satellites
    • Surface coatings and materials for emissivity control
    • Analysis of radiative heat loads in vacuum conditions
  • Unit 5.0: Heat Exchangers
    • Introduction to Heat Exchangers: Applications: Intercoolers
    • Recuperators
    • Precoolers in propulsion
    • Aircraft environmental control systems: air cycle and vapor cycle refrigeration
    • Design & Performance Analysis: Plate-fin
    • Printed circuit
    • And micro heat exchangers
    • Tube-in-tube configurations: counter flow and parallel flow
    • Effectiveness-NTU method and LMTD method
  • Unit 6.0: Advanced Aerospace Thermal Systems
    • Emerging Topics: Additive manufactured heat exchangers
    • High-performance thermal management using nanofluids and PCMs
    • Aerospace thermal systems design for reliability and compactness

Text/Reference:

  1. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, Frank P. Incropera, David P. DeWitt, Theodore L. Bergman, Adrienne S. Lavine Wiley, ISBN-13: 978-0-471-45728-2 (cloth) ISBN-10: 0-471-45728-0 (cloth)
  2. Heat Transfer, J.P. Holman, McGraw-Hill Education, ISBN 978-0-07-352936-3.
  3. Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, William M. Kays, Michael E. Crawford, Bernhard Weigand, McGraw-Hill Education, ISBN: 0072468769 (book: acid-free paper), ISBN: 0072990732.
  4. Thermal Control of Spacecraft and Instruments, Eric Silk, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA).
  5. Thermal Design and Thermal Behaviour of Instruments for Space Applications, R. S. Ghaffarian, Springer.
  6. Heat Transfer in Aerospace Applications, Bengt Sunden and Juan Fu, Academic Press (Elsevier), ISBN-10: 0128097604, ISBN-13: 978-0128097601.
  7. Thermal Management of Electronics in Aerospace Systems, Allan D. Kraus, CRC Press.

Aircraft Systems and Instruments [116603]

  • Unit 1.0: Aircraft Systems
    • Hydraulic systems
    • Study of typical systems
    • Components
    • Hydraulic systems controllers
    • Modes of operation
    • Pneumatic systems
    • Working principles
    • Typical Pneumatic Power system
    • Brake system
    • Components
    • Landing Gear Systems
    • Classification
    • Shock absorbers and Retractive mechanism
  • Unit 2.0: Airplane Control Systems
    • Conventional Systems
    • Power assisted and fully powered flight controls
    • Power actuated systems
    • Engine control systems
    • Push pull rod system
    • Operating principles
    • Modern control systems
    • Digital fly by wire systems
    • Auto pilot system
  • Unit 3.0: Engine Systems
    • Piston and Jet Engines- Fuel systems
    • Components
    • Multi-engine fuel systems
    • Lubricating systems
    • Starting and Ignition systems
  • Unit 4.0: Air-conditioning and Pressurizing System
    • Basic Air Cycle systems
    • Vapour Cycle Systems
    • Boot-strap air cycle system
    • Evaporative vapour cycle systems & Evaporation air cycle systems
    • Oxygen systems
    • Fire extinguishing system and smoke detection system
    • De-icing and anti-icing system
  • Unit 5.0: Aircraft Instruments I
    • Flight Instruments and Navigation Instruments
    • Accelerometers
    • Air speed Indicators
    • Mach Meters
    • Altimeters
  • Unit 6.0: Aircraft Instruments II
    • Gyroscopic Instruments- Principles and operation
    • Study of various types of engine instruments
    • Tachometers
    • Temperature and Pressure gauges

Text/Reference:

  1. Aircraft Instruments, E.H.J. Pallett, Pearson Education, Second Edition, 2009, ISBN: 8131728137, 978-8131728130.
  2. Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Technology, Irwin E. Treager McGraw Hill Education, Third Edition, 2017. ISBN: 9781259064876.
  3. Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics: General Handbook, Administration Aviation Federal, Transportation Department of U.S. Aviation Supplies & Academics Inc, 1988, ISBN: 1560270640, 978-1560270645.
  4. Aircraft Systems: Mechanical, Electrical and Avionics Subsystems Integration, Ian Moir, Allan Seabridge, Wiley India Pvt Ltd, Third Edition, 2012, ISBN: 8126535210, 978-8126535217.

Finite Element Method [116604]

  • Unit 1.0: Introduction to Finite Element Method
    • General description of the finite element method
    • Applications in engineering
    • Advantages and limitations of FEM
    • General steps of FEM (discretization, element stiffness, assembly, boundary conditions, solution)
    • Mathematical preliminaries (differential equations, variational methods, weighted residual methods)
    • Convergence criteria and error analysis
    • Initial value problems
    • Boundary value problems and Eigen value problems
    • Boundary conditions: homogeneous and non-homogeneous for structural
    • Heat transfer and fluid flow problems
    • Discretisation process
    • Mesh generation and Convergence criteria
    • Types of elements (1D, 2D, 3D, curved, isoparametric)
    • Node numbering
    • Location of nodes
    • Shape functions and their properties (linear, quadratic, etc.)
    • Interpolation models: Simplex
    • Complex and multiplex elements
    • Linear interpolation polynomials in terms of global coordinates 1D
    • 2D
    • 3D Simplex Elements
    • Higher order interpolation functions for ID quadratic and cubic elements in natural coordinates
    • Constant strain triangle
    • Four-Nodded Tetrahedral Element (TET 4)
    • Eight-Nodded Hexahedral Element (HEXA8)
    • 2D isoparametric element
    • Lagrange interpolation functions
    • Numerical integration: Gaussian quadrature one point
    • Two point formulae
    • 2D integrals
    • Introduction to Numerical Methods: Variational methods (principle of minimum potential energy, principle of virtual work)
    • Weighted residual methods (Galerkin, collocation, least squares)
    • Formulation of element equations using these methods
  • Unit 2.0: One-Dimensional FE Analysis in Structural Mechanics
    • One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses
    • Force terms: Body force
    • Traction force and point loads
    • Strain displacement relations
    • Stress strain relations
    • Plain stress and Plain strain conditions
    • Temperature effects
    • Bar Element: Formulation of a linear bar element
    • Shape Functions Polynomial
    • The Potential Energy Approach
    • Derivation of stiffness matrix
    • Properties of stiffness matrix
    • Assembly of Global Stiffness Matrix and Load Vector
    • Boundary conditions
    • Elimination method and penalty method
    • Solution for displacement
    • Stress and strain in ID straight bars
    • Stepped bars and tapered bars using elimination approach and penalty approach
    • Truss Element: Formulation plane trusses element
    • Stiffness matrix (No derivation)
    • Solution for displacement
    • Stress and strain in trusses with point load
    • Beam Element: Beams: Types
    • Formulation beam element
    • Boundary conditions
    • Load vector
    • Hermite shape functions
    • Beam stiffness matrix based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory
    • Examples on cantilever beams
    • Propped cantilever beams
    • Solution for displacement
    • Slope
    • Stress and strain in beams -simply supported
    • Fixed straight and stepped beams using direct stiffness method with concentrated and uniformly distributed load
    • Torsion of Shafts: Finite element formulation of shafts
    • Determination of stress and twists in circular shafts
  • Unit 3.0: Two-Dimensional FE Analysis in Structural Mechanics
    • Formulation of triangular and quadrilateral elements
    • Displacement models and shape functions for linear and higher order elements
    • Lagrangian and serendipity elements
    • Iso parametric sub parametric super parametric elements
    • Introduction to axisymmetric-triangular elements
    • Convergence criteria
    • Pascal triangle
    • Analysis of plates and shells: Introduction to Plate Bending problems
    • Finite Element Analysis of Thin Plate
    • Finite Element Analysis of Thick Plate
    • Finite Element Analysis of Skew Plate
    • Introduction to Finite Strip Method Finite Element Analysis of Shell
    • Analyzing the behavior of aircraft wings and fuselages
  • Unit 4.0: FE Analysis of 1D Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Situations
    • Heat Transfer: Fundamental concepts of heat transfer
    • Basic equations of heat transfer: Energy balance equation
    • Rate equations for conduction
    • Convection
    • Radiation
    • Energy generated in solid
    • Energy stored in solid
    • Formulation of finite element equations for steady-state and transient heat transfer in ID problems
    • Such as composite walls and fins using variational method
    • Problems with temperature gradient and heat fluxes
    • Heat transfer in composite sections
    • Straight fins
    • Fluid Flow: Fundamental concepts of fluid flow
    • Governing Equations of Fluid Flow: Continuity
    • Momentum (Navier-Stokes)
    • And energy equations
    • FEA Formulation for Fluid Flow: Discretization
    • Element types
    • And solution techniques for fluid flow problems
    • Laminar and Turbulent Flows: Modeling different flow regimes using FEA
    • 1-D Fluid flow analysis
    • Analysis of flow in pipes of uniform and stepped sections
    • Including friction and heat transfer
    • Modeling fluid flow through porous materials
  • Unit 5.0: Axi-symmetric Solid Elements and Dynamic Considerations
    • Axi-symmetric Solid Elements: Derivation of stiffness matrix of axisymmetric bodies with triangular elements
    • Numerical solution of axisymmetric triangular element(s) subjected to surface forces
    • Point loads
    • Angular velocity
    • Pressure vessels
    • Dynamic Considerations: Formulation for point mass and distributed masses
    • Consistent element mass matrix of one dimensional bar element
    • Truss element
    • Axisymmetric triangular element
    • Quadrilateral element
    • Beam element
    • Lumped mass matrix of bar element
    • Truss element
    • Evaluation of eigen values and eigen vectors
    • Applications to bars
    • Stepped bars
    • And beams
  • Unit 6.0: Finite Element Analysis Software
    • FEA software and its Interfaces
    • Familiarizing with the main window interface and its various components
    • Understanding the Commands
    • GUI and its role in FEA software
    • Managing files and data within FEA software
    • Basic FEA Procedures in FEA software Creating or importing geometry for analysis
    • Discretizing the geometry into mesh of elements
    • Assigning material properties to the model
    • Applying loads
    • Constraints
    • And other boundary conditions
    • Understanding the solution process and interpreting results
    • Visualizing and analyzing the results of the simulation
    • Hands-on- Analyzing the behavior of structures under static loads
    • Analyzing 1 D heat transfer phenomena (conduction)

Text/Reference:

  1. The Finite Element Method in Engineering, S.S. Rao, Butterworth-Heinemann, 6th Edition (2017), ISBN: 0128143649.
  2. Introduction to Finite Elements in Engineering, Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla, Ashok D. Belegundu, Pearson Education, 4th Edition (2012), ISBN: 0133840808.
  3. A First Course in the Finite Element Method Daryl L. Logan, Cengage Learning, 6th Edition (2016), ISBN: 1305635116
  4. Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis, Robert D. Cook, David S. Malkus et al. Wiley India, 4th Edition (2007), ISBN: 8126512676.
  5. Fundamentals of Finite Element Analysis, David V. Hutton, McGraw-Hill Education, 1st Edition (2003), ISBN: 0071123811.
  6. The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals, O.C. Zienkiewicz, R.L. Taylor, J.Z. Zhu, Elsevier, 7th Edition (2013), ISBN: 1856176339.
  7. Finite Element Procedures, Klaus-Jürgen Bathe, Prentice Hall, 1st Edition (1996), ISBN: 0133014584.
  8. Finite Element Method with Applications in Engineering, Y. M. Desai, T.I. Eldho, A.H. Shah, Pearson Education, 1st Edition (2011), ISBN: 8131734460.
  9. The Finite Element Method for Engineers, Kenneth H. Huebner et al., Wiley, 4th Edition (2000), ISBN: 0471370789.
  10. Applied Finite Element Analysis, Larry J. Segerlind Wiley, 2nd Edition (1984), ISBN: 0471806629.

Employability Skills [116605]

  • Unit 1.0: Goal Setting
    • Career Planning
    • SWOT
    • Resume using Internet formats
    • Showcase portfolios
  • Unit 2.0: Goal Setting-II
    • Personal grooming
    • Self-Introduction
    • Website Development
  • Unit 3.0: Capacity Development I
    • Interview Skills
    • Group Discussion - Do's & don'ts
    • Leadership
    • Teamwork
    • How to interrupt
    • Synthesis
    • And analysis of topics
  • Unit 4.0: Capacity Development II
    • Social Media for Personal Enrichment
    • Body language
    • Self-Management
    • Emotional Intelligence
  • Unit 5.0: Utilising Potential I
    • Social Networking
    • Social Engagements
    • Volunteering
    • Collaboration& Team-work
  • Unit 6.0: Utilising Potential II
    • QC-Tools Check sheets
    • Fishbone Diagram
    • Histogram
    • Pareto chart
    • Control-chart
    • Scatter Diagram
    • Stratification
    • Lean Manufacturing
    • Kanban
    • Kaizen
    • Five S
    • Poka-yoke
    • Quality Circle

Text/Reference:

  1. Employability Skills Skills for Employability, Dr. M. Sen Gupta, Innovation Publication Pvt Ltd, 2020 ISBN: 978-81-933819-1-5.
  2. Employability Skills, Dr. Nishith Rajaram Dubey, Anupam Singh, Indra Publishing House, 2023 ISBN 978-93-93577-68-9
  3. Organizational Behavior, A. K. Chitale, Rajendra Prasad Mohanty and Dr Nishith Dubey, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd ISBN 978-81-203-4696-3.
  4. Managerial Skills, Dr Nishith Dubey & Prof Gitanjali Shrivastava, Shiva Prakashan, Indore, India, 2010, ISBN 81-7677-100-7,.
  5. Body Language, Allan Pease, Pease International PTY. Ltd Australia.
  6. Production and Operations Management Goods & Services approach, Dr S.V Deshmukh, Dr A. K. Chitale and Dr Nishith Dubey, Archers & Elevators publishing house, Bangalore, ISBN 9789386501197
  7. Emotional Intelligence, Daniel Goleman, Word Press. Com, 9789382563792
  8. How to win friends and influence people, Dale Carnegie, Srishti Publishers & Distributors, Delhi, India

Program Elective-I: Gas Turbine Technology [116607]

  • Unit 1.0: Fundamentals of Gas Turbine Engines and the Brayton Cycle
    • Introduction to Gas Turbines: Classification: Turbojet
    • Turbofan
    • Turboprop
    • Turboshaft
    • Comparison of air-breathing and non-air-breathing propulsion systems
    • Applications of gas turbines in aviation
    • Power generation
    • And marine sectors
    • Historical development and technological evolution of gas turbines
    • Thermodynamic Cycle for Gas Turbines: Ideal Brayton cycle: Processes and assumptions
    • Open vs. closed Brayton cycle
    • P-v and T-s diagrams
    • Thermal efficiency and work output
    • Real cycle deviations: pressure losses
    • Component inefficiencies
    • And cooling requirements
    • Basic Gas Turbine Configuration and Flow Path: Principal components: Inlet
    • Compressor
    • Combustor
    • Turbine
    • Nozzle
    • Flow through a gas turbine engine stagnation properties
    • Overview of single-spool and multi-spool engine architectures
    • Role of thrust and power in different engine types
    • Types of Gas Turbine Engines (Aircraft Jet Engines): Turbojet: Construction
    • Working principle
    • Performance characteristics
    • Turbofan: Bypass ratio
    • Core vs. fan flow
    • Performance benefits
    • Turboprop and Turboshaft: Application in low-speed flight and helicopters
    • Comparative analysis of thrust-specific fuel consumption and efficiencies
    • Basic Performance Parameters: Thrust
    • Specific thrust
    • Thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC)
    • Specific impulse
    • Propulsive efficiency
    • Thermal efficiency
    • Impact of ambient conditions and altitude on performance
    • Power required vs. power available in propulsion
    • Overview of Air Standard Cycles: Otto
    • Diesel
    • And Dual cycles in comparison with Brayton cycle
    • Relevance of air-standard cycle assumptions in practical analysis
    • Efficiency trends for different propulsion systems
    • Enhancements to Brayton Cycle: Intercooling
    • Reheating
    • And regeneration: principle and impact on cycle
    • Practical challenges and trade-offs in real engines
    • Combined cycle systems
  • Unit 2.0: Thermodynamics of Gas Turbine Components
    • Thermodynamic Principles in Gas Turbines: Application of First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics to open systems
    • Steady flow energy equation for compressors
    • Turbines
    • And combustors
    • Definition and calculation of stagnation (total) and static properties
    • Concept of entropy and its role in irreversibility and efficiency
    • Isentropic and polytropic processes for compression and expansion
    • Thermodynamics of Compressors: Working principles of axial and centrifugal compressors
    • Enthalpy rise and pressure ratio determination
    • Isentropic and polytropic efficiency of compressors
    • Multi-stage compression and intercooling concepts
    • Impact of inlet temperature
    • Pressure
    • And rotational speed on compressor performance
    • Thermodynamics of Turbines: Expansion of hot gases in axial turbines
    • Work output calculation from turbine stages
    • Isentropic expansion and polytropic efficiency
    • Role of turbine in driving the compressor and producing thrust or shaft power
    • Real-world losses and impact of cooling on turbine work output
    • Combustion and Heat Addition Process: Heat addition under constant pressure in the Brayton cycle
    • Combustion efficiency and temperature limits
    • Adiabatic flame temperature and excess air requirement
    • Combustion chamber pressure loss and its impact on cycle performance
    • Variation of specific heat at high temperatures
    • Fundamentals of Heat Transfer in Gas Turbines: Conduction
    • Convection
    • And radiation mechanisms in gas turbine components
    • Convective heat transfer in combustor walls and turbine blades
    • Film cooling and internal convective cooling design basics
    • Importance of heat transfer in maintaining material integrity and efficiency
    • Estimation of thermal loads and temperature distribution in critical components
    • Cycle Enhancements and Modifications: Thermodynamic benefits of intercooling in multistage compressors
    • Reheating in multi-stage turbines to enhance work output
    • Regeneration for improving cycle efficiency by utilizing exhaust heat
    • Combined cycle configurations and integration with steam turbines
    • Practical constraints in implementing these modifications (size, weight, cost)
  • Unit 3.0: Aerodynamics and Performance of Gas Turbine Components
    • Aerodynamics of Axial and Centrifugal Compressors: Flow analysis using velocity triangles at rotor and stator
    • Concepts of axial velocity
    • Blade speed
    • Relative velocity
    • Flow coefficient
    • Work coefficient
    • And stage loading
    • Compressor blade geometry: rotor/stator profiles and blade angles
    • Loss mechanisms: profile losses
    • Secondary flow losses
    • Tip clearance effects
    • Operating limits: surge
    • Stall
    • Choking
    • Performance maps and surge margin control
    • Differences in operation and application of axial vs. centrifugal compressors
    • Aerodynamics of Axial Turbines: Flow analysis through axial turbine stages using velocity triangles
    • Impulse vs. Reaction turbines: degree of reaction
    • Stage efficiency
    • Work output and energy transfer in turbine blades
    • Blade spacing
    • Aspect ratio
    • And number of stages
    • Influence of incidence and deflection angles on flow and efficiency
    • Loss mechanisms: tip leakage
    • Secondary flows
    • Trailing edge losses
    • Estimation of turbine performance using enthalpy and flow parameters
    • Combustion Chamber Fundamentals: Types of combustion chambers: can
    • Annular
    • Can-annular
    • Fuel-air mixing and combustion zones: primary
    • Secondary
    • Dilution
    • Parameters affecting combustion: residence time
    • Turbulence
    • Atomization
    • Combustion stability
    • Blowout limits
    • And lean blowout
    • Combustion efficiency
    • Pressure loss
    • And temperature rise
    • Design considerations: uniform temperature profile at turbine inlet (pattern factor)
    • Cooling methods for liners and domes
    • Turbine Blade Cooling Techniques: Necessity for blade cooling due to high turbine inlet temperatures
    • Heat transfer mechanisms on rotating blades
    • Film cooling: hole pattern
    • Blowing ratio
    • Effectiveness
    • Internal convection cooling: serpentine passages
    • Impingement cooling
    • Transpiration cooling: porous blades and coolant flow
    • Cooling effectiveness and performance trade-offs
    • Impact of cooling on turbine efficiency and durability
    • Component Matching and Engine Operating Characteristics: Matching characteristics of compressor
    • Combustor
    • And turbine
    • Operating line and surge line in engine maps
    • Influence of altitude and flight Mach number on engine operation
    • Variable geometry components: inlet guide vanes
    • Variable stators
    • Bleed air systems and their impact on compressor stability
    • Turbomachine component interaction and balancing at off-design conditions
  • Unit 4.0: Materials, Manufacturing, and Emission Control
    • Materials for Gas Turbine Components: Material selection criteria: strength-to-weight ratio
    • High-temperature performance
    • Oxidation and corrosion resistance
    • High-performance alloys: nickel-based superalloys
    • Cobalt-based alloys
    • Titanium alloys
    • Advanced materials: ceramics
    • Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs)
    • Metal matrix composites (MMCs): Mechanical properties: fatigue resistance
    • Creep strength
    • Fracture toughness
    • Role of grain structure and single-crystal/blade casting in turbine blade performance
    • Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) and Blade Lifing: Purpose and function of TBCs in hot section components
    • Structure: bond coat
    • Ceramic top coat (typically YSZ - Yttria Stabilized Zirconia)
    • Coating application methods: Air Plasma Spray (APS) and Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD): Failure mechanisms: oxidation
    • Spallation
    • Sintering
    • Blade lifing techniques: life prediction models
    • Inspection methods
    • Nondestructive evaluation (NDE)
    • Manufacturing of Gas Turbine Components: Casting techniques: equiaxed
    • Directional solidification
    • And single-crystal casting
    • Forging and machining of rotating components
    • Introduction to additive manufacturing (3D printing) for turbine blades
    • Combustor liners
    • And cooling structures
    • Repair and refurbishment technologies: welding
    • Brazing
    • Recoating
    • Quality control and testing of turbine parts during production
    • Pollutant Formation and Emission Control: Formation of NOx
    • CO
    • UHC
    • Soot in gas turbine combustors
    • Factors influencing emission levels: temperature
    • Pressure
    • Residence time
    • Fuel type: Emission control strategies: Lean Premixed Pre-vaporized (LPP) combustion
    • Staged combustion
    • Rich-quench-lean (RQL) design
    • Catalytic combustion and post-combustion treatments
    • Emission regulations: ICAO standards for aircraft engines and environmental norms for power generation turbines
    • Sustainable Gas Turbine Technologies and Future Trends: Integration with renewable energy systems (e.g., CSP-GT hybrids, biomass co-firing)
    • Use of alternative fuels: hydrogen
    • Synthetic fuels
    • Biofuels combustion characteristics and material compatibility: Role of hybrid-electric propulsion systems in reducing emissions
    • Advances in cooling technologies
    • Digital twin models
    • And predictive maintenance
    • Path toward net-zero carbon gas turbine systems
  • Unit 5.0: Gas Turbine Design and Optimisation
    • Preliminary Design of Gas Turbine Engines: Identification of design requirements: application-specific thrust or power needs
    • Operating environment
    • Efficiency goals
    • Selection of cycle parameters: pressure ratio
    • Turbine inlet temperature (TIT)
    • Bypass ratio (for turbofans)
    • And mass flow rate
    • Estimation of specific work output and thermal efficiency
    • Design considerations: size
    • Weight
    • Material limitations
    • Cooling needs
    • Block diagram of a gas turbine engine layout and design iterations
    • Engine Performance Analysis and Evaluation: Calculation of key performance parameters: Thrust
    • Specific Thrust
    • Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption (TSFC)
    • Propulsive
    • Thermal
    • And overall efficiency
    • Specific fuel consumption for shaft power applications: Effects of ambient conditions
    • Altitude
    • And flight Mach number on engine performance
    • Performance envelopes and limitations: surge margin
    • Blade stress
    • TIT limits
    • Component and System Optimization: Matching of engine components: compressor
    • Combustor
    • Turbine
    • Nozzle
    • Off-design performance analysis and component map interpretation
    • Optimization strategies for fuel efficiency
    • Emission reduction
    • And weight minimization
    • Use of design tools: mean-line analysis
    • Cycle simulation software
  • Unit 6.0: Gas Turbine Applications and Case Studies
    • Applications and Case Studies: Detailed study of modern jet engines: CFM56
    • GE90
    • PW1000G
    • Trent XWB
    • Industrial gas turbines for power generation: GE LM2500
    • Siemens SGT-series: Marine and naval propulsion turbines
    • Use of micro gas turbines in UAVs and distributed power
    • Case study: performance and design evolution of a selected engine platform
    • Role of gas turbines in combined cycle power plants (CCGT)
    • Capstone Design Problem and Future Scope: Conceptual design of a basic gas turbine engine for specific application (aerospace, marine, or power plant): Component sizing
    • Thermal efficiency estimation
    • And performance prediction
    • Environmental and economic trade-offs in engine design
    • Future outlook: Electrification and hybrid propulsion
    • Smart engines with digital twins
    • Autonomous monitoring and adaptive engine control
    • Preparation and presentation of design reports or mini-projects

Text/Reference:

  1. Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion, Hill, P. G., Peterson, C. R, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1992.
  2. Gas Turbines, V. Ganesan, 3rd ed., Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2010, ISBN-10: 9780070681927, ISBN-13: 978-0070681927.
  3. Fundamentals of Jet Propulsion with Applications, Flack. R. L, Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN-10: 0521819830, ISBN-13: 978-0521819831.
  4. Aircraft Propulsion, Anvekar Mayur R., PHI Learning Pvt. 2016, ISBN-13: 978-8120352643.
  5. Jet Engines: Fundamentals of Theory, Design and Operation, Klaus Hunecke, The Crowood Press UK, 2010, ISBN-13: 978-1853108341.

Program Elective-I: Helicopter Engineering [116608]

  • Unit 1.0: Basics of Helicopter Systems
    • Historical development of helicopter and overview
    • Basic concepts
    • Rotor blade motion flapping
    • Feathering and lagging motion
    • Rotor control: cyclic control and collective pitch control
    • Rotor controls various types of rotor
    • Geometry of the rotor
    • Blade loading
    • Effect of solidity
    • Profile drag
    • Compressibility etc.
    • Blade area required
    • Number of Blades
    • Blade form
    • Power losses
    • Rotor efficiency
  • Unit 2.0: Rotary Aerodynamics theory
    • Momentum theory for hover
    • Figure of merit
    • Momentum theory for vertical climb and Vertical descent
    • Autorotation
    • Momentum theory for forward flight
    • Blade element theory for vertical flight: Thrust approximations
    • Non-uniform inflow
    • Ideal twist
    • Power approximations
    • Blade element theory for forward flight: Thrust
    • Torque and power
    • Flapping coefficients
  • Unit 3.0: Helicopter Engines and Performance I
    • Piston engines
    • Gas turbines
    • Ramjet principle
    • Comparative performance
    • Calculation of Induced Power
    • High speed limitations
    • Parasite drag
    • Power loading
    • Ground effect
  • Unit 4.0: Helicopter Engines and Performance II
    • Horsepower required
    • Range and Endurance
    • Rate of Climb
    • Best Climbing speed
    • Ceiling in vertical climb
    • Optimum speeds
    • Maximum level speed
    • Rotor limits envelope
  • Unit 5.0: Rotor Vibrations
    • Dynamic model of the rotor
    • Motion of the rigid blades
    • Flapping motion
    • Lagging motion
    • Feathering motion
    • Properties of vibrating system
    • Phenomenon of vibration
    • Fuselage response
    • Vibration absorbers
    • Measurement of vibration in flight
  • Unit 6.0: Rotor Blade Design
    • General considerations
    • Airfoil selection
    • Blade construction
    • Materials
    • Factors affecting weight and cost
    • Design conditions
    • Stress analysis

Text/Reference:

  1. Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics, J. Gordon Leishman, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-85860-1 Hardback ISBN 978-1-107-01335-3 Paperback.
  2. Helicopter Dynamics Bramwell, A.R. S, Butterworth Heinemann, 1976
  3. Rotorcraft Aeromechanics, Johnson, Wayne Dover Publications, 2013, ISBN 978-1-107-02807-4, Hardback.
  4. Principles of Helicopter Engineering Jacob Shapiro Temple Press limited, 1955
  5. Aerodynamics of V/STOL Flight, Barnes W. McCormick, Dover Publications, ISBN-10: 0486404609, ISBN-13: 978-0486404608.
  6. Helicopter Performance, Stability, and Control, Raymond W. Prouty, Krieger Publishing, ISBN-10: 1575242095, ISBN-13: 978-1575242095.

Program Elective-I: Hypersonic Aerodynamics [116609]

  • Unit 1.0: Governing Equations and Flow Characteristics of Hypersonic Aerodynamics
    • Comparison of subsonic
    • Supersonic
    • And hypersonic regimes
    • Historical development and significance of hypersonic flight
    • Applications in aerospace
    • Defense
    • And space exploration
    • Conservation laws (mass, momentum, and energy)
    • Hypersonic similarity parameters (Mach number, Reynolds number, Knudsen number)
    • Thin shock-layer approximation
    • Newtonian and modified Newtonian theory
  • Unit 2.0: Shock Waves and Expansion Waves in Hypersonic Flow
    • Oblique shocks and strong shock interactions
    • Bow shocks and detached shock formation
    • Prandtl-Meyer expansion waves
    • Shock-boundary layer interactions and their effects
  • Unit 3.0: Heat transfer and Thermal Protection Systems (TPS)
    • Thermodynamic properties of high-speed flows
    • Real gas effects: dissociation
    • Ionization
    • And vibrational excitation
    • Equilibrium and non-equilibrium flow models
    • Chemical kinetics and air dissociation at hypersonic speeds
    • Mechanisms of aerodynamic heating (conduction, convection, and radiation)
    • Heat transfer analysis in hypersonic vehicles
    • Thermal response of materials and ablation physics
    • TPS design for re-entry vehicles and hypersonic aircraft
  • Unit 4.0: Boundary Layers
    • Laminar and turbulent boundary layers in hypersonic flows
    • Transitional flow and Reynolds analogy
  • Unit 5.0: Rarefied Gas Effects
    • Rarefied gas dynamics and the role of the Knudsen number
    • Applications of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method
  • Unit 6.0: Computational and Experimental Methods in Hypersonics
    • Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for hypersonic flow analysis
    • Wind tunnel testing and ground-based experimental facilities
    • Shock tunnels
    • Arc jets
    • And ballistic ranges
    • Flight testing and validation of hypersonic vehicles
    • Hypersonic missiles
    • Space planes
    • And re-entry capsules
    • Space exploration applications (Mars entry, planetary probes)
    • Challenges and future advancements in hypersonic technology

Text/Reference:

  1. Hypersonic and High-Temperature Gas Dynamics, John D. Anderson, AIAA Education Series, Third Edition, 2019. ISBN: 1624105149, 978-1624105142.
  2. Modern Compressible Flow: With Historical Perspective, John D. Anderson Jr., McGraw Hill, Fourth Edition, 2020, ISBN: 1260570827, 978-1260570823
  3. Hypersonic Slender Body Aerodynamics, Ethirajan Rathakrishnan, Wiley India Pvt Ltd; First edition 2025, ISBN: 978-1394285631.
  4. Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow, Ascher H. Shapiro, Krieger Pub Co, 1983, ISBN: 0898745667, 978-0898745665.
  5. Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion, William H. Heiser, David T. Pratt, Daniel H. Daley, Unmeel B. Mehta, AIAA; Illustrated edition 1994, ISBN: 978-1563470356.

Program Elective-I: Wind Tunnel Techniques [116610]

  • Unit 1.0: Introduction to Wind Tunnels & Aerodynamic Testing
    • Importance of aerodynamic testing
    • Comparison of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and wind tunnel testing
    • Low-speed (subsonic)
    • Transonic
    • Supersonic
    • And hypersonic wind tunnel
    • Open-circuit vs. closed-circuit wind tunnels
    • Special-purpose wind tunnels
    • Dimensional analysis and similarity principles
    • Reynolds number
    • Mach number
    • And Strouhal number
    • Model scaling techniques and limitations
  • Unit 2.0: Wind Tunnel Components & Instrumentation
    • Components: Test section
    • Contraction cone
    • Diffuser
    • Drive system
    • Flow conditioning devices: Honeycomb
    • Screens
    • Turbulence reduction techniques
    • Flow velocity measurement: Pitot-static tubes
    • Hot-wire anemometry
    • Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA)
    • Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)
    • Force and moment measurements: Strain gauge balances
    • Load cells
    • Force transducers
    • Pressure measurement: Pressure taps
    • Manometers
    • Electronic pressure sensors
  • Unit 3.0: Experimental Techniques in Wind Tunnels
    • Lift
    • Drag
    • And pitching moment determination
    • Calibration of force balance systems
    • Smoke and dye injection methods
    • Schlieren and shadowgraph technique
    • Tuft and oil flow visualization
    • Boundary layer measurement techniques
    • Wake survey and drag estimation
    • Flow separation and vortex shedding analysis
  • Unit 4.0: Applications of Wind Tunnel Testing
    • Aircraft and UAV aerodynamic testing
    • Propulsion system and jet plume studies
    • High-speed flow testing (supersonic and hypersonic applications)
    • Vehicle aerodynamics and drag reduction
    • Wind effects on buildings
    • Bridges
    • And wind turbines
    • Aerodynamic analysis of sports equipment
  • Unit 5.0: Data Analysis, Error Estimation & Case Studies I
    • Signal conditioning and digitization
    • Data filtering and uncertainty analysis
    • Experimental accuracy
    • Repeatability
    • And corrections
    • Wind tunnel correction factors and blockage effects
  • Unit 6.0: Data Analysis, Error Estimation & Case Studies II
    • Real-world wind tunnel testing in aerospace industries
    • Success stories and technological advancements in wind tunnel techniques
    • Future trends in experimental aerodynamics

Text/Reference:

  1. Instrumentation, Measurements, and Experiments in Fluids, Ethirajan Rathakrishnan, CRC Press Taylor & Francis, Second Edition, 2018. ISBN: 1138385875, 978-1138385870.
  2. Wind Tunnels: Aerodynamics, Models and Experiments, Justin D. Pereira, Nova Science Publishers, Inc, UK ed. 2011, ISBN: 1612092047, 978-1612092041.
  3. Low Speed Wind Tunnel Testing, Jewel B. Barlow, William H. Rae, Alan Pope Wiley India Pvt Ltd; Third edition 2010, ISBN: 8126525681, 978-8126525683.
  4. High-Speed Wind Tunnel Testing, Alan Pope, Kenneth L. Goin, John Wiley & Sons, Ist Edition 1965, ISBN: 978-0471691228.
  5. Aerodynamic Measurements: From Physical Principles to Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics, Richard J. Goldstein, M. G. Lilley, W. J. G. Bragg, Taylor & Francis, 1st Edition 1996 ISBN: 978-1560323064.
  6. Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics. C. Tropea, J. F. Foss, A. Yarin, Springer, 1st Edition 2007, ISBN: 978-3540251415.

Open Elective-II: Basic of AΙ [100615]

  • Unit 1.0: Introduction to AI & Searching Techniques
    • Introduction to artificial intelligence
    • Types of AI and intelligent agents
    • Breadth-first search
    • Depth-first search
    • Hill climbing
    • And its variations
    • Heuristic search techniques: best-first search
    • A* algorithm
    • Constraint satisfaction problem
    • Means-end analysis
    • Introduction to game playing
    • Min-max
    • And alpha-beta pruning algorithms
  • Unit 2.0: Knowledge Representation
    • Propositional logic
    • First-Order Predicate Logic
    • Resolution principle
    • Unification
    • Semantic nets
    • Conceptual dependencies
    • Frames
    • Scripts
    • And production rules
  • Unit 3.0: Understanding Natural Languages I
    • Components and steps of communication
    • The contrast between formal and natural languages in the context of grammar
    • Chomsky hierarchy of grammars
    • Parsing
    • And semantics
    • Parsing Techniques
  • Unit 4.0: Understanding Natural Languages II
    • Context-Free and Transformational Grammar
    • Recursive and Augmented Transition Networks
  • Unit 5.0: AI in Decision Making
    • Utility theory
    • Utility functions
    • Decision networks
    • Sequential decision problems
    • Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (MDPs)
    • Game Theory
    • AI Solutions for real-time problems using ML
  • Unit 6.0: AI in Reinforcement Learning
    • Passive Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Active RL
    • Generalization in RL
    • Policy Search
    • Deep Reinforcement Learning
    • AI Solutions for real-time problems using RL

Text/Reference:

  1. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach S. Russell and P. Norvig, Prentice Hall, Third Edition, 2015, ISBN-13: 978-0-13-604259-4, ISBN-10: 0-13-604259-7.
  2. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems, Patterson Pearson, 1st ed. 2015, ISBN-10: 9332551944, ISBN-13: 978-8120307773.
  3. Intelligent Planning: A decomposition and abstraction-based approach Yang, Q, Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. ISBN-10: 354061901, ISBN-13978-3540619017.

Open Elective-II: Electrical and Hybrid Vehicles [100616]

  • Unit 1.0: Introduction
    • Conventional Vehicles: Basics of vehicle performance
    • Vehicle power source characterization
    • Transmission characteristics
    • Mathematical models to describe vehicle performance
    • Introduction to Hybrid Electric Vehicles: History of hybrid and electric vehicles
    • Social and environmental importance of hybrid and electric vehicles
    • Impact of modern drive-trains on energy supplies
  • Unit 2.0: Hybrid Electric Drive-trains
    • Hybrid Electric Drive-trains: Basic concept of hybrid traction
    • Introduction to various hybrid drive- train topologies
    • Power flow control in hybrid drive-train topologies
    • Fuel efficiency analysis
  • Unit 3.0: Electric Trains
    • Electric Drive-trains: Basic concept of electric traction
    • Introduction to various electric drive- train topologies
    • Power flow control in electric drive-train topologies
    • Fuel efficiency analysis
    • Electric Propulsion unit: Introduction to electric components used in hybrid and electric vehicles
    • Configuration and control of DC Motor drives
    • Configuration and control of Induction Motor drives
    • Configuration and control of Permanent Magnet Motor drives
    • Configuration and control of Switch Reluctance Motor drives
    • Drive system efficiency
  • Unit 4.0: Energy Storage
    • Energy Storage: Introduction to Energy Storage Requirements in Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
    • Battery based energy storage and its analysis
    • Fuel Cell based energy storage and its analysis
    • Super Capacitor based energy storage and its analysis
    • Flywheel based energy storage and its analysis
    • Hybridization of different energy storage devices
  • Unit 5.0: Sizing the drive system
    • Sizing the drive system: Matching the electric machine and the internal combustion engine (ICE)
    • Sizing the propulsion motor
    • Sizing the power electronics
    • Selecting the energy storage technology
    • Communications
    • Supporting subsystems
  • Unit 6.0: Energy Management Strategies
    • Energy Management Strategies: Introduction to energy management strategies used in hybrid and electric vehicles
    • Classification of different energy management strategies
    • Comparison of different energy management strategies
    • Implementation issues of energy management strategies
    • Case Studies: Design of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
    • Design of a Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)

Text/Reference:

  1. C. Mi, M. A. Masrur and D. W.Gao, "Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Principles and Applications with Practical Perspectives", John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
  2. S. Onori, L. Serrao and G. Rizzoni, "Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Energy Management Strategies", Springer, 2015.
  3. M. Ehsani, Y. Gao, S. E. Gay and A. Emadi, "Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and FuelCell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design", CRC Press, 2004.
  4. T. Denton, "Electric and Hybrid Vehicles", Routledge, 2016.

Open Elective-II: Industrial Automation [100617]

  • Unit 1.0: Introduction to Industrial Automation
    • Introduction to Industry 4.0 and its components
    • Need of automation in industries
    • Principles and strategies of automation
    • Factory automation
    • Process automation
    • Basic elements of an automated system
    • Structure of Industrial Automation
    • Advanced automation functions
    • Levels of automations
    • Industrial control Systems- Process and Discrete system
    • Types of automation system: Fixed
    • Programmable
    • Flexible
    • Integrated Automation and its application
    • Different systems used for Industrial automation: PLC
    • HMI
    • SCADA
    • DCS
    • Drives
    • Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) and its application in Automation
    • Role of robots in automation and its components
    • Fundamentals of automated production lines or transfer lines and its applications
  • Unit 2.0: Sensors and Input Field Devices
    • Analog input devices Electromagnetic relays
    • Contactors
    • Motor starters
    • Manually operated Switches Toggle switch
    • Pushbutton switch
    • Knife switch and selector switches
    • Mechanically operated switches Limit switch
    • Temperature switch (Thermostat)
    • Pressure switch
    • Level switch and their symbols
    • Discrete/Digital Input devices
    • Construction and working of Sensors
    • Proximity sensors- Inductive
    • Capacitive
    • Optical and ultrasonic
    • Advanced sensors- Construction and working of Temperature sensors- Thermistor
    • Thermocouple and Resistance temperature Detector (RTD)
    • Liquid level sensor -Capacitive and Ultrasonic
    • Force Strain/Weight sensors
    • Flow sensors turbine flow sensor
    • Pressure sensors- Linear Variable
    • Differential Transformer (LVDT)
    • Inclination sensor -Inclinometer
    • Acceleration sensor- Accelerometer
    • Angular and linear position sensor
  • Unit 3.0: Actuators and Output Devices
    • Introduction to actuators
    • Classification of actuators
    • Mechanical actuators -Translational and rotational motion
    • Kinematic chains
    • Cams
    • Gears
    • Belt and chain drives
    • Bearings
    • Hydraulic and Pneumatic actuators linear and rotary actuators
    • Single and double acting cylinder
    • Directional
    • Process and pressure control valves
    • Electrical actuators
    • Electromechanical actuators
    • Construction
    • Working and application of Stepper motors
    • AC/DC Servo motors
    • BLDC Motor (Very brief)
    • Electrohydraulic Actuators-Solenoid Valve
    • Thermal actuators and Magnetic actuators
    • Selection of actuators
  • Unit 4.0: Other output Devices
    • Other Output devices- Indicators
    • Alarms Pilot Lights
    • Buzzers
    • Valves
    • Motor starters
    • Horns and alarms
    • Stack lights Control relays
    • Pumps and Fans
  • Unit 5.0: Control System
    • Open and closed loop system
    • Their transfer function
    • First order and second order system and their output response and parameters
    • Types of control On-off
    • Feed forward
    • Open loop and closed loop control and Transfer function
    • Controllers in closed loop control
    • Proportional Controller (P Controller)
    • Integral Controller (I Controller)
    • Derivative controller (D- Controller)
    • P-I Controller
    • P-D Controller
    • PID Controller
  • Unit 6.0: SCADA and DCS
    • Introduction
    • Need
    • Benefits and typical applications of SCADA and DCS
    • SCADA Architecture Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)
    • Master Terminal Units
    • Various SCADA editors
    • Communication protocols for SCADA
    • Comparison of SCADA with DCS
    • Interfacing SCADA system with PLC Typical connection diagram
    • Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control (OPC) architecture
    • Creating SCADA Screen HMI for simple object
    • Steps for linking SCADA object (defining Tags and items, creating trends etc.,) with PLC ladder program using OPC
    • Configuring simple applications using SCADA: Traffic light control
    • Water distribution
    • Pipeline control
    • Power generation
    • Transmission and distribution etc.
    • Procedure to maintain the SCADA based PLC system

Text/Reference:

  1. Industrial Automation with SCADA: Concepts, Communications and Security, K S Manoj Notion Press; 1st edition, 2019, ISBN-13: 978-1684668281.
  2. Introduction to Industrial Automation, Stamatios Manesis, George Nikolakopoulos, CRC Press, 1st edition, 2020, ISBN 9780367571832.
  3. Industrial Automation Using PLC SCADA & DCS, R.G.Jamkar, Global Education Limited, 2018, ISBN-13: 978-8193579954.
  4. Industrial automation and Process control, Stenerson Jon, PHI Learning, New Delhi, 2003, ISBN: 9780130618900.
  5. Control System, Nagrath & Gopal, New Age International Pvt Ltd, ISBN: 9789386070111.
  6. Industrial automation and Process control, Stenerson Jon PHI Learning, New Delhi, 2003, ISBN: 9780130618900.
  7. Programmable Logic Controller, Jadhav, V. R., Khanna publishers, New Delhi, 2017, ISBN: 9788174092281.
  8. Programmable Logic Controllers and Industrial Automation An introduction, Mitra, Madhuchandra; Sengupta, Samarjit Penram International Publication, 2015, ISBN: 9788187972174.
  9. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, Boyar, S. A., ISA Publication, USA, ISBN: 978-1936007097
  10. Practical SCADA for industry Bailey David; Wright Edwin Newnes (an imprint of Elsevier), UK 2003, ISBN: 0750658053.

Open Elective-II: Basic of ML [100618]

  • Unit 1.0: Introduction to Machine Learning and Fundamentals
    • Introduction to Machine Learning
    • Supervised Learning
    • Unsupervised Learning
    • And Reinforcement Learning
    • Machine learning basics: capacity
    • Over fitting
    • And under fitting
    • Hyperparameters and validation sets
    • Bias & variance
  • Unit 2.0: Bayesian Concepts and Decision Trees
    • Bayes Theorem Concept Learning Maximum Likelihood classifier
    • Bayesian Belief Networks
    • Decision-trees
    • Univariate and multivariate decision tree
    • Network equivalent of decision trees
    • Overfitting
    • And evaluation
  • Unit 3.0: Instant-Based Learning and Support Vector Machines
    • Logistic Regression
    • Support Vector Machine (SVM)
    • Kernel function and Kernel SVM
    • Instant- based Learning: k- Nearest Neighbour
    • Locally weighted Regression
    • Radial Basis Functions
    • Case Based Learning
  • Unit 4.0: Clustering
    • Clustering: k-means
    • Adaptive hierarchical clustering
    • And Gaussian mixture model
  • Unit 5.0: Neural Networks
    • Neural network: Perception
    • Multilayer network
    • Back propagation
  • Unit 6.0: Applications and Case Studies of Machine Learning
    • Applications of machine learning (Case studies): Business Analytics
    • Natural language processing
    • Computer vision
    • Internet of Things
    • Bio-informatics etc.

Text/Reference:

  1. Machine Learning, Tom M. Mitchell, McGraw-Hill Education (India) Private Limited, 2013, ISBN 0070428077.
  2. Foundations of Machine Learning, Mohri, M., Rostamizadedh, A., and Talwalkar, A. The MIT Press, 2012, 9, ISBN 78-0-262-01825-8.
  3. Fundamentals of Machine Learning, Dr. M. Gopal, McGraw Hill Education (India), ISBN:978-9353161837.
  4. Machine Learning: Principles and Algorithms, P. K. Pattanayak, Universities Press (India) ISBN: 978-9386235513.

Open Elective-II: AR VR Technology [100619]

  • Unit 1.0: Introduction to Immersive Technologies
    • Overview of Immersive Technologies: Augmented Reality (AR)
    • Virtual Reality (VR)
    • Mixed Reality (MR)
    • And Extended Reality (XR)
    • Applications in education
    • Healthcare
    • Entertainment
    • And industry
    • Key differences between AR
    • VR
    • MR and XR
    • Challenges and Future Trends
  • Unit 2.0: Hardware and Software Requirements
    • AR/VR Headsets and Displays (e.g., Oculus, HoloLens, etc.)
    • Sensors: Motion
    • Depth
    • And tracking systems
    • Input Devices: Controllers
    • Gloves
    • And mobile devices
    • System specifications of central processing unit (CPU)
    • Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)
    • Random Access Memory (RAM)
    • Graphics Card and storage considerations
    • AR/VR development platforms (overview): Unity
    • Unreal Engine
    • SDKs and APIs for AR
    • VR: Vuforia
    • ARKit
    • ARCore
  • Unit 3.0: Unity Software
    • Introduction to Unity software and its Features
    • System requirements for Unity installation
    • Unity's interface and basic functionalities
    • Assets and its Types
    • Sources of 2D and 3D assets
    • Windows in Unity
    • Game Objects and Their Types
    • Rigid Bodies and Colliders
    • Physics-Based Interactions
    • Software Development Kit (SDK)-Vuforia
  • Unit 4.0: Augmented Reality (AR)
    • Principles of AR and its Working Mechanisms
    • AR image and object recognition techniques
    • Location-based and marker-based AR
    • Introduction to various AR web-based applications
    • AR design on Blippar or similar platforms
    • Testing and publishing AR applications
  • Unit 5.0: AR Design and Development
    • Anchoring and Detecting Objects in AR
    • Development of AR application marker-based and marker less in Unity
    • Deployment of AR app on Android/iOS devices
  • Unit 6.0: Virtual Reality (VR)
    • Principles and Technical requirements of Virtual Reality
    • Types of VR systems: non-immersive
    • Semi-immersive
    • And fully immersive
    • Key Elements of Immersive VR Experience
    • Levels of Immersion in VR Environment
    • 360-degree media

Text/Reference:

  1. Learning Path Complete VR & AR Development with Unity, Jesse Glover & J. Linowes, Packt Publishers Ltd., ISBN-101838648186, ISBN-13: 978-1838648183.
  2. Mastering AR Development with Unity, Indika Wijesooriya, BPB.
  3. 3D Game Development with Unity, Franz Lanzinger, CRC Press, ISBN-10: 0367349183, ISBN-13: 978-0367349189.
  4. AR with Unity; AR Foundation - A Practical Guide, Jonathan Linowes, Packt Publishers Ltd., ISBN: 978-1-83898-259-1.

Open Elective-II: Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) Technology [100620]

  • Unit 1.0: Introduction to Mems and Microfabrication
    • History of MEMS Development
    • Characteristics of MEMS
    • Miniaturization
    • Microelectronics integration
    • Mass fabrication with precision
    • Micro fabrication
    • Microelectronics fabrication process: Silicon based MEMS processes
    • New material and fabrication processing
    • Points of consideration for processing
  • Unit 2.0: Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Mems Materials
    • Conductivity of semiconductors
    • Crystal plane and orientation
    • Stress and stain: Definition
    • Relationship between tensile stress and stain
    • Mechanical properties of silicon and thin films
    • Flexural beam bending analysis under single loading condition
    • Types of beam: Deflection of beam
    • Longitudinal stain under pure bending
    • Spring constant
    • Tensional deflection
    • Intrinsic stress
    • Resonance and quality factor
  • Unit 3.0: Sensing and Actuation
    • Electrostatic sensing and actuation: Parallel plate capacitor
    • Application-Inertial sensor
    • Pressure sensor and tactile sensor
    • Parallel plate actuator and Comb drive
    • Thermal sensing and Actuations: Thermal sensors
    • Thermal actuators
    • Application-Inertial
    • Flow and Infrared sensors
    • Piezoresistive sensors: Piezoresistive sensor material
    • Stress in flexural cantilever and membrane- Application-Inertial
    • Pressure
    • Flow and tactile sensor
    • Piezoelectric sensing and actuation:- Piezoelectric material properties-quartz-PZT-PVDF-ZnO
    • Application- Inertial
    • Acoustic
    • Tactile
    • Flow-surface elastic waves
    • Magnetic actuation:- Micro magnetic actuation principle
    • Deposition of magnetic materials
    • Design and fabrication of magnetic coil
  • Unit 4.0: Bulk and Surface Micromachining
    • Anisotropic wet etching
    • Dry etching of silicon
    • Deep reactive ion etching (DRIE)
    • Isotropic wet etching
    • Basic surface micromachining process
    • Structural and sacrificial material
    • Stiction and anti stiction methods
    • Foundry process
  • Unit 5.0: Polymer Mems
    • Polymers in MEMS
    • Polymide-SU-8
    • Liquid crystal polymer (LCP): PDMS
    • PMMA
    • Parylene
    • Flurocorbon
    • Application-Acceleration
    • Pressure
    • Flow and tactile sensors
  • Unit 6.0: Optical Mems
    • Optical MEMS: Refraction
    • Diffraction
    • MOEMS components; digital mirror display (DMD)
    • Grating light valve (GLV)
    • Optical scanners

Text/Reference:

  1. Foundations of MEMS, Chang Liu, Pearson International Edition, 2006, ISBN-978-0132497367.
  2. RF MEMS Theory, Design and Technology, Gaberiel M.Rebiz, John Wiley & Sons, 2003, ISBN-978-0471201694.
  3. Introduction to nanotechnology, Charles P.Poole, Frank J.Owens, John Wiley & sons, 2003, ISBN-13: 978-0471079354.
  4. Microsensors, MEMS and Smart devices, Julian W.Gardner, Vijay K Varadhan, John Wiley & sons, 2001, ISBN-978-0471861096.

Open Elective-II: Electronic Product Design & Packaging [100621]

  • Unit 1.0: Essentials of Electronic Product Design & Packaging
    • Introduction to Electronic Product Design
    • Electronic Packaging Fundamentals
    • Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Design and Fabrication
    • Thermal
    • Mechanical
    • And EMI/EMC Considerations
    • Prototyping
    • Testing
    • And Reliability
  • Unit 2.0: Design Aspects of Semiconductor Packaging
    • Overview of Semiconductor Packaging Types: Dual In-line Package (DIP)
    • QFP
    • BGA
    • CSP
    • And 3D ICs
    • Wire bonding
    • Flip-chip
    • And through-silicon vias (TSVs)
    • Trends in package miniaturization and integration
    • Thermal and Mechanical Design Considerations: Heat dissipation in semiconductor packages
    • Stress and strain due to thermal cycling
    • Package warpage and delamination issues
    • Electrical Design Aspects: Signal integrity and power integrity
    • Parasitics: resistance
    • Capacitance
    • And inductance
    • High-speed design challenges and mitigation techniques
    • Materials and Substrate Technologies: Die attach materials
    • Encapsulants
    • And underfills
    • Organic vs ceramic substrates
    • Reliability and compatibility of packaging materials
    • Packaging Process Flow and Testing: Wafer-level packaging and assembly steps
    • Burn-in
    • Electrical
    • And reliability testing
    • Design for testability (DFT) in semiconductor packaging
  • Unit 3.0: Dicing & Inspection
    • Wafer Dicing Techniques: Mechanical sawing (blade dicing)
    • Laser dicing and stealth dicing
    • Plasma dicing (dry etching methods)
    • Comparison of dicing methods based on precision
    • Cost
    • And material type
    • Dicing Process Parameters and Optimization: Cut depth
    • Kerf width
    • And feed rate
    • Cooling and lubrication during dicing
    • Minimizing chipping
    • Cracking
    • And contamination
    • Wafer Mounting and Handling: Use of dicing tapes and frames
    • Wafer alignment and chucking
    • ESD precautions and cleanroom requirements
    • Post-Dicing Cleaning and Debris Removal: Cleaning techniques (wet, dry, CO2 snow)
    • Particle contamination control
    • Inspection for surface damage or residues
    • Wafer Inspection and Defect Analysis: Visual and automated optical inspection (AOI)
    • Surface and edge defect detection
    • Use of SEM
    • X-ray
    • And infrared imaging for deeper inspection
    • Yield analysis and defect classification
  • Unit 4.0: Conventional Packaging
    • Introduction to Conventional Packaging Types: Dual In-line Package (DIP)
    • Surface Mount Device (SMD)
    • Chip-on-Board (COB) and Leadframe-based packaging
    • Through-hole vs. surface-mount technologies
    • Materials Used in Conventional Packaging: Encapsulants and molding compounds
    • Leadframe materials (e.g., copper, brass, and alloys)
    • Substrate materials: epoxy
    • Ceramic
    • And organic laminates
    • Packaging Assembly Processes: Die attach methods: eutectic bonding
    • Adhesive bonding
    • Wire bonding techniques: gold
    • Aluminum
    • And copper wire
    • Molding and encapsulation processes
    • Electrical and Thermal Design in Conventional Packaging: Signal integrity in conventional packages
    • Heat dissipation and thermal management strategies
    • Thermal cycling and reliability considerations
    • Testing and Reliability of Conventional Packages: Standard testing methods: electrical
    • Thermal
    • And mechanical tests
    • Reliability testing: accelerated life testing (ALT)
    • Burn-in tests
    • Failure analysis techniques: decapsulation
    • Cross-sectioning
  • Unit 5.0: Bonding, Sealing
    • Bonding Techniques in Semiconductor Packaging: Wire bonding (gold, aluminum, copper)
    • Flip-chip bonding and solder bumping
    • Adhesive bonding and thermo-compression bonding
    • Laser and ultrasonic bonding methods
    • Sealing Methods in Semiconductor Packaging: Molding and encapsulation processes
    • Hermetic sealing and its importance for high-reliability applications Use of sealing materials: epoxy
    • Silicone
    • And elastomers
    • Advanced sealing techniques for 3D and wafer-level packaging
    • Reliability and Testing in Bonding and Sealing: Mechanical and thermal stress testing in bonded and sealed packages
    • Failure analysis methods: decapsulation
    • Cross-sectioning
    • And SEM analysis
  • Unit 6.0: Advanced Packaging
    • Advanced Packaging Technologies: System-in-Package (SiP) and Package-on-Package (PoP) technologies
    • 3D Integrated Circuits (3D ICs) and Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs)
    • Wafer-Level Packaging (WLP) and Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging (FOWLP)
    • Hybrid and Multi-Chip Module (MCM) integration
    • Thermal and Electrical Considerations in Advanced Packaging: Thermal management techniques in advanced packaging (heat sinks, thermal vias)
    • Electrical performance challenges: signal integrity and power delivery in high-density packages
    • Power dissipation and interconnect strategies in 3D packaging
    • Reliability testing standards for advanced packaging (e.g., JEDEC, MIL-STD)

Text/Reference:

  1. Electronic Packaging and Interconnection Handbook, Charles Harper, ISBN-13, 978-0071430487, McGraw-Hill Professional, Edition: 4, Publication Date: 16 November 2004.
  2. "Electronic Product Design" A.E. Ward and J.A.S. Angus Chapman and Hall, ISBN: 0-412-63200-4, 1996.
  3. Electronic Product Design, S.D. Mehta, S Chand Publishing ISBN: 9788121936156, 2011.
  4. Semiconductor Packaging Material Interaction and reliability, Chen, Andrea & Lo, Randy Hsiao-Yu, ISBN-13; 978-1439862056, CRC Press, 10 October 2011.
  5. Semiconductor Device Packaging, John H. Lau, Springer, ISBN-10: 9811613753, ISBN-13: 978-9811613753.
  6. Microelectronics Packaging Handbook - Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, R. R. Tumalla, Springer US, ISBN-13: 978-0412084416, ISBN-13: 978-0412084416, ISBN-13: 978-0412084515.
  7. Advanced Electronics Packaging, Richard K. Ulrich Wiley-IEEE Press, ISBN-13: 978-0471466093.
  8. Integrated Circuit Packaging, Assembly and Interconnection, William J. Greig, Springer, ISBN-13: 978-0387281537.
  9. 3D IC Integration and Packaging, John H Lau, McGraw-Hill Education, ISBN-13: 978-0071848060.

Open Elective-II: 3D Printing and Design [100622]

  • Unit 1.0: Additive Manufacturing Introduction and CAD-CAM for 3D Printing
    • Additive v/s Conventional Manufacturing processes
    • Classification of 3D Printing Processes
    • Working principle of various 3D Printing processes- Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
    • Stereo lithography (SLA)
    • Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
    • Binder Jetting
    • Material Jetting
    • Direct Energy Deposition and Laminate Object Manufacturing
    • Additive Manufacturing application domains: Aerospace
    • Electronics
    • Health Care
    • Defense
    • Automotive
    • Construction
    • Food Processing
    • Machine Tools
    • Product design and prototyping
    • Reverse Engineering for 3D Printing
    • CAD-CAM and its integration
    • CAD- Part and Surface modeling
    • CAD file formats
    • Process chain for 3D Printing
    • STL interface Specification
    • STL data generation
    • STL data Manipulation
    • Advantages and limitations of STL file format
    • Open files
    • Repair of STL files
    • Alternative 3D Printing interfaces
    • Part orientation and support generation
    • Factors affecting part orientation
    • Various models for part orientation determination
    • The function of part supports
    • Support structure design
    • Automatic support structure generation
    • Model Slicing and Contour Data organization
    • Direct and adaptive slicing: Identification of peak features
    • Adaptive layer thickness determination
    • Tool path generation
  • Unit 2.0: 3D Printing Materials
    • Various forms of 3D printing raw material- Liquid
    • Solid
    • Wire
    • Powder
    • Popular FDM
    • SLA
    • SLS
    • Binder Jetting
    • Material Jetting and Direct Energy deposition 3D printing materials
    • Polymers
    • Metals
    • Non-Metals
    • Ceramics
    • Polymers and their properties
    • Powder Preparation and their desired properties
    • Choosing the right 3D Printing material on the basis of performance requirements and material properties
  • Unit 3.0: Solid based 3D Printing Processes
    • Basic principle and working of fused deposition modeling (FDM) process
    • Construction details and working of established FDM based 3D printers for plastics parts
    • 3D Printer software- Fusion 360
    • Solidworks
    • Onshape
    • Tinkercad
    • UltimakerCura
    • MeshLab
    • Simplyfy 3D
    • Repetier host
    • Slic3r
    • Etc. use and operation of anyone
    • 3D Scanners and working
    • Producing a part using FDM based 3D Printer
    • Liquefaction
    • Solidification and bonding
    • Laminated Object Manufacturing process
    • Cost estimation of FDM 3D printed component
  • Unit 4.0: Liquid based 3D Printing Processes
    • Photo polymerization
    • Principle and working of stereo lithography apparatus
    • SLA based 3D printing processes
    • SLA based 3D printing process materials
    • Scanning techniques
    • Curing processes
    • Cost estimation of SLA 3D printed component
  • Unit 5.0: Powder based 3D Printing Processes
    • Powder fusion mechanism
    • Principle and working of Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process
    • SLS based 3D printers
    • Laser Engineering Net Shaping process
    • Electron Beam Melting
    • Binder Jet 3D Printing
    • Materials and Process parameters for SLS based 3D printing processes
    • Cost estimation of SLS based 3D printed component
  • Unit 6.0: Post Processing and Quality
    • Need of post processing: Functional and Aesthetic reasons
    • Steps of Post Processing: Cleaning/Support removal
    • Fixing
    • Curing or hardening
    • Surface finishing
    • Colouring
    • Cleaning: Support Removal (FDM and Material Jetting)
    • Powder Removal (SLS and Powder Bed Fusion)
    • Washing (SLA and Photo polymerisation)
    • Fixing: Filling
    • Gluing
    • Welding
    • Surface finishing: Sanding
    • Polishing
    • Tumbling
    • Hydro dipping
    • Epoxy coating
    • Electro Plating
    • Vapour smoothing-Acetone treatment
    • Colouring
    • Coating
    • Priming and Painting
    • Inspection and testing: Digital
    • Visual
    • Physical
    • Defects and their causes

Text/Reference:

  1. Fundamentals and Applications of Additive Manufacturing, Sharad K. Pradhan, Ankit Nayak, Surendra Singh Thakur, Vishal Francis, Aniket Nagargoje CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 9781032898049.
  2. Understanding Additive Manufacturing: Rapid Prototyping, Rapid Tooling, Rapid Manufacturing Andreas Gebhardt, Hanser Publisher, 2011, ISBN: 156990507X, 9781569905074.
  3. 3D Printing and Design, Sabrie Soloman, Khanna Publishing House, Delhi, ISBN: 9789386173768.
  4. 3D Printing and Rapid Prototyping- Principles and Applications, C.K. Chua, Kah Fai Leong World Scientific, 2017, ISBN: 9789813146754.
  5. Getting Started with 3D Printing: A Hands-on Guide to the Hardware, Software, and Services Behind the New Manufacturing Revolution, Liza Wallach Kloski, Nick Kloski Make Community, LLC; 2nd edition, 2021, ISBN: 9781680450200.

Aircraft Systems and Instruments Lab [116603P]

Perform all Experiments. List of Experiments:

  • Inspection of primary and secondary controls of Cessna/ Hansa Aircraft
  • Demonstrate and testing of aircraft hydraulic system
  • Demonstrate and testing of aircraft pneumatic system
  • Demonstrate and testing of aircraft landing gear system
  • Dismantling and assembly of aircraft piston engine
  • Dismantling and assembly of jet engine
  • Inspection of aircraft instruments and its functions in Cessna/ Hansa aircraft
  • Troubleshoot various systems of aircraft
  • Demonstrate and testing of aircraft brake system
  • Demonstrate and testing of aircraft fuel system

Finite Element Method Lab [116604P]

Perform all Experiments. List of Experiments:

  • Beam deflection analysis using Hermite shape functions
  • Torsional analysis of shafts using ID finite elements
  • 1D heat conduction in composite rod using FEM
  • Heat transfer in straight fins using ID elements
  • Fluid flow analysis in a pipe network using FEM
  • Axisymmetric analysis of pressure vessel using triangular elements
  • Stress analysis of a rectangular plate with a circular hole
  • Modal analysis of a stepped shaft
  • Structural analysis of aircraft wings and fuselages

NPTEL Courses-I Lab [116606P]

Details for NPTEL Courses-I Lab will be provided by the department.

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