5th Semester Syllabus

Propulsion-II [116501]

• Unit 1.0: Introduction to Rocket Propulsion
  • Rocket propulsion
  • Applications of rocket propulsion (Space Launch Vehicles, Spacecraft, Missiles and Other Applications)
  • Rocket classification: Chemical and Non-Chemical Rockets
  • Definitions-Impulse
  • Specific Impulse
  • Effective exhaust velocity
  • Specific propellant consumption
  • Propellant mass fraction
  • Residual or unusable remaining propellant
  • Impulse-to-weight ratio
  • Thrust to weight ratio
  • Thrust equation of rocket engines- Effective Exhaust Velocity
  • Maximum Thrust
  • Variation of thrust with altitude
  • Effect of Divergence angle on thrust
  • Rocket performance parameters- Total Impulse and Specific Impulse
  • Specific Impulse Efficiency
  • Volumetric Specific Impulse
  • Mass Flow Coefficient
  • Thrust Coefficient
  • Specific Propellant Consumption
  • Characteristic Velocity
  • Impulse-to-Weight Ratio
  • Energy Balance and Efficiencies
• Unit 2.0: Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines- Basics and Combustion
  • Introduction and Basic configuration
  • Types of liquid-propellant rocket engines: Monopropellant rocket engines
  • Bipropellant rocket engines
  • Liquid oxidizers
  • Safety and environmental concerns
  • Performance Parameters of selected existing Liquid Rocket Engines
  • Types of feed system in liquid rocket engine
  • Purpose
  • Types of Pressure feed systems
  • Methods of Tank- pressure Control
  • Types of Pressurization Systems
  • Desirable Characteristics of Pressurants
  • Tank Pressurant requirements and its determination
  • Pressurized Gas systems
  • Elements of Pump Feed systems
  • Design layout of Turbo-pump assemblies
  • Control valves and their selection
  • Overall design of feed systems both pressure fed and turbo pump fed systems
  • Combustion of liquid propellants: Hypergolic propellant combustion
  • Nonhypergolic propellant combustion
  • Combustion instabilities in LPRE: Analysis of bulk mode combustion instability
  • Control of combustion instability
• Unit 3.0: Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines- Components and Design
  • Thrust Chambers; Working and Basic elements
  • Heat Transfer analysis
  • Thrust Chamber design analysis
  • Injectors: Liquid propellant injection system
  • Types of Injectors
  • Injector design and performance
  • Injector distributor
  • Injector manifold
  • Combustion Chamber: Geometry- Combustion chamber design and Characteristic length
  • Nozzle and Nozzle Flow
  • Nozzle configurations
  • Basics of Convergent Divergent (CD) nozzle flow
  • Nozzle Design
  • Exhaust Velocity
  • Mass Flow Rate
  • Characteristics of Velocity
  • Expansion Area Ratio
  • CD Nozzle Geometry
  • Effect of ambient pressure in CD Nozzle (Underexpansion, Overexpansion) Thrust-Vectoring Nozzles-Thrust Vector Control
  • Losses in rocket nozzle
  • Performance of Exhaust nozzle- Isentropic Efficiency
  • Discharge Coefficient
  • Mass Flow Coefficient
  • Thrust coefficient
  • Ignition systems
  • Cooling systems: Regenerative cooling
  • Film/sweat cooling
  • Ablative cooling
  • Heat transfer analysis for Cooling Systems
  • Rocket motor insulation
  • Nozzle cooling
  • Throat cooling
  • Engine Design and Control; Configuration Layout
  • Materials and Selection
  • Design of liquid rockets with sub system design
• Unit 4.0: Solid Propellant Rocket Engines
  • Introduction and Basic configuration
  • Physical processes of solid-propellant burning
  • Burning mechanism of solid propellants: Double-Base Propellants
  • Composite Propellant Combustion
  • Measurement of propellant burning/regression rate: Effect of Chamber pressure
  • Grain temperature
  • Gas Flow rate
  • Transients
  • Acceleration on Burning Rate
  • Other Methods of Augmenting Burning Rate
  • Thermal model for solid-propellant burning
  • Solid-Propellant Rocket Engine operation
  • Internal ballistics of SPR
  • Propellant grain configuration
  • Evolution of burning surface ignition system
  • Modeling of flow in a side burning grain of rocket engine
• Unit 5.0: Hybrid and Cryogenic Rocket Engines
  • Hybrid Rocket Engines-Introduction
  • Relative advantages and applications
  • Propellants for HPRE
  • Classification
  • System Arrangement and Components
  • Ignition of Hybrid propellants
  • Combustion Chamber
  • Grain configuration
  • Combustion of Hybrid propellants
  • Combustion instability in HPRE: Feed System-Coupled Instabilities
  • Chuffing
  • Intrinsic Low-Frequency Instabilities
  • Performance Parameters of selected existing Hybrid Rocket Engines
  • System Integration
  • Manufacturing Methods for Low- and High- Thrust Engines
  • Design of hybrid rockets with sub system design including grain design
  • Cryogenic Rocket Engines -Introduction
  • Construction and working
  • Cryogenic propellants
  • Components and combustion cycles
  • Cryogenic Loading Problems
  • Temperature and Pressure Effects on Loading
  • Tank Collapse
  • Phenomenon of Thermal Stratification
  • Effect of Thermal Stratification on Rocket Engine Performance
  • Prediction and Methods of Elimination of Thermal Stratification
• Unit 6.0: Mass Transfer
  • Nonchemical rocket engines classification: (1) electrical rocket engine
  • (2) nuclear rocket engine
  • (3) solar rocket engine
  • Basic principles of Electrical Rocket Engine
  • Classifications of Electrical Rockets; Electrostatic and Electromagnetic Forces; Ionization; Electric Discharge Behavior: Electrothermal Thrusters: Resistojets; Arcjets
  • Electrostatic Thrusters: Basic Principles of Electrostatic Thrusters; Propellant Choice; Performance of Ion Thruster
  • Electromagnetic Thruster: Basic Principles of Electromagnetic Thruster; Types of Plasma Thruster- Magnetoplasmadynamic Thrusters
  • Pulsed Plasma Thruster
  • Hall Effect Thruster
  • Nuclear Rocket Engines
  • Solar Energy Rockets: Solar sail- Concepts in nozzle less propulsion
  • Area of applications of Nonchemical rocket engines
  • Electric Space-Power supplies and Power conditioning systems

Text/Reference Books:

1. Aerothermodynamics of Gas Turbine and Rocket Propulsion, Oates, G. C., AIAA Education Series, 1997, ISBN-10: 1563472414 ISBN-13: 978-1563472411
2. Gas Turbine Theory, Cohen, H., Rogers, G.F.C. and Saravanamuttoo, H.I.H, 5th Ed., Pearson Education Asia, 2001, ISBN 978-81-7758-902-3
3. Rocket Propulsion Element, George P Sutton and Oscar Biblarz, John Wiley and Sons Inc. 8th Edition, 2000, ISBN: 978-0-470-08024-5
4. Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion, Hill, P. G. and Peterson, C, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall, 1991
5. Fundamentals of Rocket Propulsion, D.P. Mishra, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2017, ISBN-9781498785358

Aircraft Structure - II [116502]

• Unit 1.0: Theory of Elasticity
  • Basic elasticity
  • Equations of equilibrium
  • Plane stress
  • Stresses on inclined planes
  • Principal stresses and strains
  • Plane stress and Plane strain conditions
  • Two- and Three-dimensional problems in elasticity
  • Equations of equilibrium and compatibility equations
  • Experimental measurement of surface strains
  • 2- D stress-strain problems
  • Stress functions
  • St. Venant's principle
• Unit 2.0: Elastic Buckling of Columns and Plates Columns
  • Buckling load of Euler columns with different end conditions
  • Inelastic stability of columns
  • Empirical formula for buckling of column
  • Effect of initial imperfections of column Energy method for the calculation of buckling loads in columns
  • Higher order differential equations for columns
  • Energy approach
  • Dynamic approach of predicting buckling loads
  • Approximate methods for prediction of buckling loads
  • Effect of shear on buckling loads
  • Large deflection of columns
  • Columns with eccentricity in geometry
  • Open section columns
  • Torsional buckling of open section columns
  • Flexural torsional buckling of open section columns
  • Plates Pure bending of thin plates
  • Plates subjected to bending
  • Combined bending and twisting
  • Distributed transverse loads
  • Post-buckling Behaviour of Plates
  • Concept of effective width
  • Buckling behaviour of plates
• Unit 3.0: Stability of Elastic Plates and Shells
  • Governing differential equation for stability of plates under uni-axial compressive loads
  • Energy equation for appropriate solution for buckling loads
  • Rayleigh Ritz technique
  • Galerkin technique
  • Buckling loads under biaxial compressive loads and shear loads
  • Finite difference equations for estimating buckling loads
  • Buckling of stiffened plates
  • Buckling of plates with different boundary conditions
  • Types of shells
  • Stress and strain in shells
• Unit 4.0: Bending of Thin-Walled and other Beams
  • Introduction to Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Bending
  • Bending Stress distribution
  • Position of neutral axis and deflections
  • Calculation of section properties for thin-walled sections
  • Calculations of bending stress for idealized sections
  • Complete Tension and Semi-tension Field Beams
  • Wagner beam analysis
  • Types of tension field beam
  • Analysis of stress in different parts of tension field beam
  • Establish condition for minimum deformation
• Unit 5.0: Shear stress in Beams and Torsion of Beams
  • Shear stress in Beams
  • Flexural Shear flow in thin-walled beams
  • Shear flow and shear center for open section beam due to bending
  • Shear flow and shear center for closed beam Sections due to bending
  • Shear stress distribution at a built in end of a closed section beam
  • Shear flow and shear center for idealized sections
  • Introduction to torsion of solid sections
  • Torsion of open and closed thin-walled beam sections
  • Bredt-Batho formula
  • Torsion of multi-section thin-walled beams
  • Structural idealization of different aircraft components
• Unit 6.0: Advanced Structural Analysis of Aircraft Components
  • Loads on structural components: Tie
  • Strut
  • Columns
  • Bar
  • Beam
  • Shear Panel
  • Shell
  • Beam Column
  • Functions of structural components
  • Direct stress and shear flow distribution -Wing spars
  • Tapered wing and fuselage frames
  • Fabrication of structural components
  • Connections
  • V-n diagram
  • Gust loads
  • Crack propagation
  • Stress concentration factor
  • Crack tip plasticity
  • Crack propagation rates
  • Stress analysis of Wing spars
  • Tapered wing
  • Fuselage
  • Fuselage frame and Wing ribs under different loads

Text/Reference Books:

1. Aircraft Structures for Engineering Students, THG Megson, Elsevier Exclusive, 5TH, T.H.G.cbs publishers & distributors pvt Ltd, ISBN-10: 9789382291053, ISBN-13: 978-9382291053
2. Aircraft Structures, DJ Perry, McGraw Hill Education $2^{ND},$ ISBN: 9789339222123, 9339222121
3. Aircraft Structures, G Lakshmi Narasaiah, BS Publications, ISBN-10: 9389974976, ISBN-13:978-9389974973.

Theory of Machines [116503]

• Unit 1.0: Introduction to Planar Mechanisms and Velocity-Acceleration Analysis
  • Kinematics of Machines: Definition of Kinematics
  • Dynamics
  • Statics
  • Kinetics
  • Kinematic link
  • Kinematic Pair and its types
  • Degree of freedom
  • Constrained motion and its types
  • Kinematic chain and its types
  • Grubler's criterion
  • Mechanism
  • Machine and Structure
  • Four-link planar mechanisms and their Inversions: Four Bar chain: Grashof's law
  • Locomotive coupler
  • Beam engine
  • Pantograph
  • Ackerman steering Mechanism
  • Single Slider Crank chain: Engine and Compressor Mechanism
  • Rotary I.C. engine mechanism
  • Oscillating cylinder engine mechanism; Whitworth and Slotted Lever Quick return mechanisms; Hand Pump mechanism
  • Double Slider chain: Scotch Yoke mechanism
  • Elliptical trammels
  • Oldham's Coupling
  • Examples of different planar mechanisms used in aeronautical applications
  • Velocity and Acceleration Analysis Concept of relative velocity and relative acceleration of a point on a link
  • Angular acceleration
  • Inter-relation between linear and angular velocity and acceleration
  • Determination of velocity and acceleration of any point on a link by relative velocity method
  • Velocity and acceleration diagrams for various planar mechanisms and planar mechanisms used in aeronautical applications
  • Analytical method and Klein's construction to determine velocity and acceleration of different links in single slider crank mechanism
  • Instantaneous Center method for velocity analysis
  • Kennedy's Theorem
  • Mechanical Advantage calculation
• Unit 2.0: Cams and Followers
  • Cam and follower terminology
  • Classification of Cams and Followers
  • Applications of Cams and Followers
  • Types of follower motions-Uniform velocity
  • Uniform acceleration
  • S.H.M and Cycloidal
  • Their displacement
  • Velocity and acceleration diagrams
  • Drawing of profile of a radial cam based on given motion of reciprocating knife-edge and roller follower with and without offset
  • Displacement
  • Velocity and acceleration of follower with Cams of Specified contours (tangent and convex)
  • Examples of different Cam-Follower mechanisms used in aeronautical applications
  • Cam-Follower in aircraft engines
• Unit 3.0: Power Transmission Elements
  • Types of Drives - Belt
  • Chain
  • Rope
  • Gear drives & their comparison; Belt Drives - Introduction to Flat belt
  • V-belt & its applications
  • Materials used for flat and V-belts
  • Introduction of timing belt and pulley
  • Law of Belting
  • Angle of lap
  • Length of belt
  • Slip and creep
  • Determination of velocity ratio of tight side and slack side tension
  • Centrifugal tension and initial tension
  • Condition for maximum power transmission
  • Merits
  • Demerits and selection of belts for given applications
  • Poly V belts used in alternators and compressors in aircrafts
  • Timing belts used in microlight aircraft
  • Amateur-built airplanes and Airbus A380
  • Chain Drives Introduction to chain drives
  • Types of chains and sprockets
  • Methods of lubrication
  • Merits
  • Demerits and selection of chains for given applications
  • Harrier jump jet (thrust vectoring)
  • Gear Drives Types of gears
  • Spur gear terminology; Law of gearing
  • Cycloidal and Involute profile teeth
  • Path of Contact
  • Arc of Contact
  • Pair of teeth in contact
  • Interference in Involute profile teeth
  • Minimum number of teeth
  • Other gears (Helical; Worm and Worm wheel; Bevel and Skew)
  • Velocity ratio and Center distance
  • Selection for different applications
  • Landing gear in an aircraft
  • Tricycle tailwheel in Helicopter
  • Gear trains- Train value & Velocity ratio for Simple
  • Compounded
  • Reverted and Epicyclic gear trains; Torque calculations
  • Methods of lubrication
  • Examples of different drives used in aeronautical applications
• Unit 4.0: Brakes and Clutches
  • Brakes: Functions
  • Types
  • Applications Construction and working principle of Shoe brake
  • Band brake Internal expanding shoe brake
  • Disc Brake
  • Concept of Self Locking & Self energizing brakes; Numerical problems to find braking force and braking torque for shoe & band brakes
  • Comparison between brakes and dynamometers; Clutches: Classification
  • Functions and Applications
  • Construction and principle of working of Single-plate clutch
  • Multi-plate clutch
  • Centrifugal Clutch
  • Calculation of power loss assuming uniform pressure and uniform wear theory
  • Examples of different Clutches and Brakes used in aeronautical applications
  • Disengaging the propeller from the engine; Autopilot control actuation; torque coupling clutch assembly; Sprag clutches; Air engaged friction clutches
• Unit 5.0: Balancing of Rotating and Reciprocating Masses & Gyroscopic Effect
  • Balancing- Need and types of balancing
  • Effects of unbalanced masses
  • Balancing of single rotating mass in same and different plane; (Analytical Method)
  • Balancing of several masses revolving in same plane and revolving in different planes
  • Balancing of reciprocating masses
  • Balancing of Inline Engines
  • V-Engines and Radial Engines
  • Examples of different rotary and reciprocating unbalanced/balanced situations in aeronautical applications
  • Gyroscope: Angular velocity
  • Angular acceleration
  • Vectorial representation of angular motion
  • Principle of gyroscopic couple
  • Effect of gyroscopic couple on ship
  • Plane disc
  • Aero plane
  • Four-wheeler and stability of two wheelers
  • Examples of gyroscopic situations in aeronautical applications
  • Gyroscopic instruments installed in a typical aircraft (attitude indicators, heading indicators and turn coordinators)
• Unit 6.0: Mechanical Vibrations
  • Introduction: Terminology
  • Effects
  • Causes
  • Remedies
  • Types of vibrations
  • S.H.M
  • Principle of super position applied to Simple Harmonic Motions
  • Beats
  • Fourier theorem and simple problems
  • Undamped Free Vibrations: Single degree of freedom systems
  • Undamped free vibration
  • Natural frequency of free vibration
  • Spring and Mass elements
  • Effect of mass of spring
  • Compound Pendulum
  • Damped Free Vibrations: Single degree of freedom systems
  • Different types of damping
  • Concept of critical damping and its importance
  • Study of response of viscous damped systems for cases of under damping
  • Critical and over damping
  • Logarithmic decrement
  • Forced Vibration: Single degree of freedom systems
  • Steady state solution with viscous damping due to harmonic force
  • Solution by Complex algebra
  • Reciprocating and rotating unbalance
  • Vibration isolation
  • Transmissibility ratio due to harmonic excitation and support motion
  • Vibration Measuring Instruments & Whirling of Shafts
  • Examples of vibration situations in aeronautical applications

Text/Reference Books:

1. Theory of Machines SS Ratan, Tata Mcgraw Hills; 5th edition, 2019, ISBN-978-9353166281
2. Mechanical Vibrations, S. S. Rao, Pearson Education; Sixth edition (25 June 2018); Pearson India, ISBN-978-9353062569
3. Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, J.J Uicker, G.R. Pennock, J.E. Shigley Oxford University Press, New York, ISBN-978-0199454167
4. Theory of Machines, R. S. Khurmi, J. K. Gupta S. CHAND; 14th edition, 2020 ISBN-978-8121925242
5. Theory of machines, R.K.Bansal, Laxmi publications; Revised, 2016, ISBN-978-8131808054
6. Theory of machines, Jagdishlal, Metropolitan Book Co. (p) Ltd. ISBN-978-8120002722
7. Dynamics of Machines, J. B. K. Das Sapna Book House, 2008, ISBN-978-8128009112

Entrepreneurship Development and Start-ups [116505]

• Unit 1.0: Entrepreneurship & Start-ups
  • Charms of Entrepreneurship & Start-ups
  • Types
  • Entrepreneurial Motivation
  • Goal Setting
  • Traits of a successful entrepreneur
  • Assessment of traits
  • Developmental strategies
  • Planning of an enterprise
  • Start-up stages
  • Business opportunity Guidance: Sources
  • Product/Service selection: Process
  • Core competence
  • Product/service life cycle
  • New product/ service development process
  • Mortality curve
  • Idea Generation and Product Selection
  • Design thinking
  • Creativity techniques for development and modification of product and services
• Unit 2.0: Sustainable Enterprise
  • Registration Process for Udyam/Start-up
  • Types of business organisations: associated risk and liabilities
  • Sustainable/Green businesses
  • Social Entrepreneurship
• Unit 3.0: Start-up Plan
  • Process selection: Technology life-cycle
  • Forms and cost of transformation
  • Factors affecting process selection and location for an industry
  • Marketing Intelligence: Market Survey questionnaire design
  • Sampling
  • Market survey
  • Data analysis
  • Target market: segmentation
  • Targeting
  • Positioning
  • Marketing mix strategies
  • Digital Marketing
  • B2B marketing
  • Risk analysis
• Unit 4.0: Eco System for Entrepreneurship and Start-ups. -I
  • Support institutions for entrepreneurship development (state and national level)
  • MSME
  • EDII
  • NESBUD
  • NSTEDB
  • KVIC
  • NABARD
  • TCO's
  • BIS
  • CII
  • FICCI
  • Association of Industries
  • NSIC
  • CED
  • BIRAC
  • Etc
  • Schemes for entrepreneurs: Central and State
• Unit 5.0: Eco System for Entrepreneurship and Start-ups. -II
  • Schemes for entrepreneurs: Central and State
  • Schemes for start-ups: Central and State
  • Incubation centres
  • Accelerators
  • Bootstrapping
  • Angel investors
  • Venture capitalist
• Unit 6.0: Project Planning
  • Business Model Canvas (BMC)
  • Techno commercial feasibility Report
  • Sources of finance: loans
  • Equity
  • Pitch Deck
  • Boot camp
  • SIDBI
  • IDBI
  • Etc

Text/Reference Books:

1. Un- boxing Entrepreneurship your self help guide to setup a successful business, Dubey Nishith, Vyas Aditya, Soman Annu, Singh Anupam Indira Publishing House ISBN-2023,978-93-93577-70-2
2. Entrepreneurship Development Small Business Entrepreneurship, Charantimath, Poornima, Pearson Education India, New Delhi; ISBN: 9788131762264.
3. Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, Khanka, S.S, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Sports, Yoga and Meditation [116506]

Details for Sports, Yoga and Meditation will be provided by the department

Open Elective: Design Thinking [100512]

• Unit 1.0: Basics of Design Thinking
  • Over view of design thinking
  • Design Thinking Skills
  • Introduction to the Essential Ideation Techniques
  • Core elements of design thinking
• Unit 2.0: Design Thinking Process
  • Stages of design thinking process (explain with examples) Empathize
  • Define
  • Ideate
  • Prototype
  • Test
  • Design thinking frameworks: "Head, Heart and Hand"
  • "Inspire, Ideate, Implement"
  • "Double Diamond"
  • Mindset for design thinking: innovation heuristics
  • Behavior models
  • Ask 5 Why/5W+H questions
  • Overcoming cognitive fixedness
  • Exercises and case based discussions
• Unit 3.0: Design Thinking in IT
  • Diagrams and Maps in Design Thinking - Empathy map
  • Affinity diagram
  • Mind map
  • Journey map
  • Combining ideas into complex innovation concepts
  • Design Thinking to Business Process modeling Agile in Virtual collaboration environment
  • Thinking vs Agile Methodology
• Unit 4.0: Design Thinking & Customer Centricity
  • Scenario based Prototyping
  • Design Understanding customer needs: Voice of customer
  • Customer population
  • Type of customer needs
  • Gathering customer needs
  • Organizing and prioritizing customer needs
  • Generating concepts
  • Concept selection
  • Use of Design Thinking to Enhance Customer Experience
  • Parameters of Product experience
  • Alignment of Customer Expectations with Product Design
• Unit 5.0: Innovation
  • Innovation
  • Difference between innovation and creativity
  • Role of creativity and innovation
  • Creativity to Innovation
• Unit 6.0: Process of Product Design
  • Process of Product Design: introduction to product design
  • Product strategies
  • Product value
  • Product planning
  • Product specifications
  • Stages of Product Design
  • Examples of best product designs and functions

Text/Reference Books:

1. The Design of Business: Why Design Thinking is the Next Competitive Advantage Roger Martin Harvard Business Press, 2009, ISBN-10: 1422177807, ISBN-13: 978-1422177808.
2. Design Thinking: Understand-Improve- Apply, Hasso Plattner, Christoph Meinel and Larry Leifer (eds), Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011, ISBN-13:978-3-642-13756-3.
3. Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, Burgelman, Christensen, and Wheelwright 5th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2008, ISBN-10: 0073381543, ISBN-13: 978-0073381541.
4. Engineering Design: An Introduction, John R Karsnitz, Stephen O'Brien and John P. Hutchinson 2nd ed., Cengage India Private Limited, 2013. ISBN-10: 8131530744, ISBN-13: 978-8131530740.
5. Design Thinking for Strategic Innovation: What They Can't Teach You at Business or Design School Idris Mootee John Wiley & Sons 2014, ISBN-10: 1118620127, ISBN-13: 978-1118620120.
6. Product Design, Kevin Otto and Kristin Wood, 19th ed., Pearson Education India, 2018, ISBN-10: 8177588217, ISBN-13: 978-8177588217
7. Product Design and Development, Karl T. Ulrich, Steven D. Eppinger, Maria C. Yan, 7th Ed., McGraw Hill, 2020, ISBN-10: 9390113237, ISBN-13: 978-9390113231.

Open Elective: Internet of Things [100513]

• Unit 1.0: Introduction to IoT
  • Basics of IoT and its building blocks
  • Concept of IR 4.0 and IoT
  • Structure and planning involved for making an IoT project
  • Introducing IoT platforms
  • Development boards used in IoT Projects
• Unit 2.0: Sensors
  • Communication protocols used in IoT
  • Sensors and Actuators
  • Choosing the sensors and develop the boards depending on the requirements
  • Creating custom sensors and boards (digital and analog electronics circuits)
  • Introducing Embedded Systems
• Unit 3.0: Raspberry Pi
  • Introducing Raspberry pi
  • Setting up a Raspberry pi as our customized IoT server
  • Introducing ESP boards ESP8266/ESP32
  • Embedded C programming language
• Unit 4.0: Arduino
  • Arduino IDE
  • Setting up Arduino IDE to program other boards
• Unit 5.0: IoT Web Applications
  • Introducing Python Programming
  • Development of IoT web applications
  • Flask framework in Python programming
  • HTML
  • CSS and JavaScript programming languages for creating interactive GUIs
  • Introducing APIs and how to use them in the applications
• Unit 6.0: IoT Security
  • Security policies
  • Risk assessment
  • Concept of Cyber-security
  • Authentication techniques used in web applications
  • Authorization techniques used in web applications
  • Security in cloud computing
  • Securing your products from online attacks

Text/Reference Books:

1. IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things David Hanes, Gonzalo Salgueiro, Patrick Grossetete, Robert Barton, Jerome Henry, First Edition, Cisco Press, 2017, ISBN-13 978-1587144561.
2. Designing the Internet of Things, Adrian Mcewen, Hakin Cassimally Wiley, 2013, ISBN-13 978-1118430620.
3. Internet of Things: Architecture and Design Principles, Raj Kamal First Edition, McGraw Hill Education, 2017. ISBN-13 97-89390727384.
4. Mastering Internet of Things: Design and create your own IoT applications using Raspberry Pi 3, Peter Waher, First Edition, Packt Publishing, 2018, ISSBN-13 978-1788397483.
5. IoT Security MadhusankaLiyanage, An Braeken, Pardeep Kumar, Mika Ylianttila, Wiley Publisher, First Edition, ISBN: 9781119527923.

Open Elective: Green Energy Technologies [100514]

• Unit 1.0: Solar Energy Technology
  • Solar energy- history
  • Sun light- properties
  • Solar cell physics
  • Dark and illuminate junctions characteristics
  • PV cell architecture and fabrication
  • PV cell PV Module and Array- characteristics
  • Estimation of solar panel requirement for the given application
  • Tilt angle calculation
  • Algorithm for maximum power point tracking
• Unit 2.0: Solar Thermal Energy Technology
  • Concentrating and non- Concentrating Solar thermal Collectors
  • Black bodies and radiation
  • Inclined surfaces and diffuse radiation Models
  • Absorber
  • Reflection plates
  • Operation
  • Collector Efficiency
  • Solar collector efficiency Factor
• Unit 3.0: Wind Energy Technology
  • Wind energy
  • Current status and future prospects in India
  • Wind resource assessment
  • Wind Turbines: types and components of horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines
  • Power extracted from wind
  • Betz limit
  • Airfoil
  • Lift and drag force-characteristics
  • Stand-alone systems
  • Wind pumps and small wind turbine - schemes and system design
• Unit 4.0: Fuel Cell
  • Operating principle of fuel cell
  • Types of fuel cell and polarization curves
  • Low and high temperature fuel cells
  • Fuel cell stacks
  • Advantage of electrochemical energy Conversion
• Unit 5.0: Hydrogen Energy Technology
  • Hydrogen energy System- components
  • Concepts and working principles of electrolysers
  • Methodologies of hydrogen energy extraction process
  • Monitoring
  • Control
• Unit 6.0: Ocean Energy Technologies
  • Ocean Energy: Introduction and types
  • Tidal Energy: General Arrangement
  • Components and working principle
  • Wave Energy: General Arrangement
  • Components and working principle
  • Marine Current: General Arrangement
  • Components and working principle
  • Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: General Arrangement
  • Components and working principle

Text/Reference Books:

1. Solar Photovoltaics: Fundamentals, Technologies and Applications, Chetan singh solanki, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., May 2015, ISBN: 8120337603, 9788120337602.
2. Solar Thermal Energy Author: Soteris A. Kalogirou, Editor: Spiros Alexopoulos Springer, March 2022, ISBN 978-1-0716-1421-1.
3. Wind Power Plants and Project Development Joshua Earnest and Tore Wizelius, Second Edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2017, ISBN: 9788120351271, 8120351274.
4. Renewable Hydrogen Technologies Edited by: Luis M Gandia, Gurutze Arzamedi, Pedro M Dieguez Energy and Power, Elseveir, 1st Edition - May 3, 2013, ISBN, 044456361X, 9780444563613.
5. Ocean, Tidal, and Wave Energy, Peppas, Lynn Crabtree Pub Co, 2008, ISBN-10. 0778729338.

Open Elective: Optimization Techniques [100515]

• Unit 1.0: Introduction
  • Optimal design problem formulation
  • Concept of duality
  • Examples of optimization problems
• Unit 2.0: Linear Programming Problems
  • Linear programming
  • Simplex method and Dual method
  • Applications
• Unit 3.0: Single Variable Optimization
  • Optimality Criteria
  • Bracketing methods
• Unit 4.0: Single Variable Optimization (Direct Search & Gradient based)
  • Direct search methods
  • Gradient based methods
• Unit 5.0: Multivariable Unconstrained Optimization
  • Optimality Criteria
  • Direct search method
  • Gradient based methods
• Unit 6.0: Constrained Optimization
  • Optimality Criteria
  • Transformation methods
  • Applications

Text/Reference Books:

1. Optimization for Engineering Design, Kalyanmoy Deb, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall of India, ISBN 9788120346789
2. Introduction to Optimum Design, J. S. Arora, 4th Edition, Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-12-800806-5.
3. Engineering Optimization Theory and Practice, Singiresu S Rao, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN:9781119454717.
4. Linear Programming and Extensions G.B. Dantzig, 3rd ed, Princeton University Press, ISBN: 0691080003.
5. Non-Linear Optimization - Theory and Algorithms L.C.W. Dixon Birkhauser, Boston, ISBN: 9783764330200.

Open Elective: Non-Destructive Testing [100516]

• Unit 1.0: Introduction to Non-Destructive Testing
  • NDT versus Mechanical Testing
  • Overview of the Non-Destructive Testing Methods for the detection of manufacturing defects as well as material characterization
  • Various physical characteristics of materials and their applications in NDT
  • Visual Testing
  • Types of VT
  • Relative merits and limitations
• Unit 2.0: Liquid Penetrant Testing
  • Liquid Penetrant Testing Principles
  • Types and properties of liquid penetrants
  • Developers
  • Testing Procedure
  • Control and measurement of penetrant process variables
• Unit 3.0: Magnetic Particle Testing
  • Magnetic Particle Testing- Theory of magnetism
  • Inspection materials
  • Magnetization methods
  • Interpretation and evaluation of test indications
  • Principles and methods of demagnetization
  • Residual magnetism
• Unit 4.0: Ultrasonic Inspection Method
  • Characteristics of ultrasonic waves
  • Types of Ultrasonic Waves Principles of wave propagation Attenuation
  • Principle of pulse echo method
  • Through transmission method
  • Resonance method
  • Data presentation A, B and C scan displays - Ultrasonic testing and evaluation of base material
  • Ultrasonic test indications
  • Safety and precautions
  • Focusing Techniques: Synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT)
  • Time of flight diffraction (TOFD)
  • Signal analysis
  • Capabilities
  • Effectiveness and Limitations of Ultrasonic Testing
• Unit 5.0: Radiography
  • Principle
  • Interaction of X-Ray with matter
  • Imaging
  • Film and film less techniques
  • Types and use of filters and screens
  • Geometric factors
  • Inverse square law
  • Characteristics of films graininess
  • Density
  • Speed
  • Contrast
  • Characteristic curves
  • Penetrameters
  • Exposure charts; Radiographic equivalence
  • Applications
  • Fluoroscopy Xero-Radiography
  • Computed Radiography
  • Computed Tomography
• Unit 6.0: Industrial Applications of Non-Destructive Evaluation
  • Span of NDE Activities Railways
  • Nuclear
  • Non-nuclear and Chemical Industries
  • Aircraft and Aerospace Industries
  • Automotive Industries
  • Offshore Gas and Petroleum Projects
  • Coal Mining Industry
  • NDE of pressure vessels
  • Castings
  • Welded constructions

Text/Reference Books:

1. Industrial ultrasonic inspection, Rayan chaplin, Friesen press, 4th Ed, 2024, ISBN: 978-1-4602-9567-0.
2. Practical Non-Destructive Testing Baldev Raj, T.Jayakumar and M.Thavasimuthu3rd edition, Narosa Publishing House, 2014, ISBN 1-85573-600-4.
3. Non-Destructive Testing Techniques Ravi Prakash 1st edition, New Age International Publishers, 2012, ISBN:978-1-906574-42.
4. Non-Destructive Test and Evaluation of Materials, J.Prasad and C.G.K. Nair, 2nd Edition., McGraw-Hill, 2011, ISBN:9780070707030.

Open Elective: Embedded Systems [100517]

• Unit 1.0: Introduction to Embedded System
  • Block diagram of embedded system
  • Embedded system vs. General Computing system
  • Harvard and Von-Neumann Architecture
  • RISC and CISC Processors
  • Main components of an Embedded system
  • Important characteristics of an embedded system: processor power
  • Memory
  • Operating system
  • Reliability
  • Performance
  • Power consumption
  • Flexibility
  • Advantages & Disadvantages of an Embedded system
  • Application areas of an Embedded system
• Unit 2.0: Atmel & PIC Microcontroller IC
  • Atmel Microcontroller: Basics of ATMEL Microcontroller: Pin Diagram and its functions
  • Atmel Microcontroller family
  • Arduino Microcontroller board: IDE (Integrated development Environment)
  • Types of Arduino Board and its specifications
  • PIC Microcontroller: Introduction
  • Pin Configuration
  • Architecture
  • Instruction Set
  • Application
• Unit 3.0: Programming using Embedded C
  • Introduction to Embedded C
  • Embedded C & C Language
  • Embedded C basic operators
  • Instruction set of Embedded C:Arithmetic operations
  • Logical operations
  • Data transfer operation
  • Decision control and Looping
  • Timer/Counter Programming
  • Serial communication programming
• Unit 4.0: Communication Standards
  • Modes of data communication: Serial & Parallel
  • Synchronous and Asynchronous Communication
  • Serial communication standards RS 232 and RS485
  • External Communication Interface: Bluetooth
  • Wi-Fi
  • Zigbee
  • GSM
  • GPRS
• Unit 5.0: Communication Protocol
  • Communication protocols: UART
  • SPI
  • I2C
  • RTOS (Real time operating system): Basics of RTOS
  • Types of RTOs and Characteristics of RTOS
• Unit 6.0: Interfacing I/O Devices
  • I/O Interfacing with: Switch(s) and Keypad
  • LCD and LED Display
  • OLED and TFT Display
  • Relay
  • Interfacing with: ADC and DAC
  • Stepper motor DC Motor
  • Other Sub systems: Reset circuit
  • Oscillator circuit
  • Watch dog timer

Text/Reference Books:

1. The AVR Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Sarmad Naimi, Sepehr Naimi, Pearson, First Edition ISBN-10: 0138003319 ISBN-13: 978-0138003319.
2. Introduction to Embedded Systems Shibu K.V. McGraw Hill Education India Private Limited; Second edition, ISBN: 978-9339219680.
3. Embedded Systems: Introduction to ARM Cortex-M Microcontrollers, Jonathan W. Valvano, Cengage Learning, Third Edition, ISBN-10: 1305970665 ISBN-13: 978-1305970667.
4. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded system Mazidi, Mohmad Ali; Mazidi, Janice Gelispe; McKinley, Roline D. Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2nd edition, Delhi, 2008, ISBN: 978-8177589030.
5. Embedded System Design, Chattopadhyay S. Prentice Hall, India, New Delhi, 2014, ISBN: 978-8120347304.
6. PIC Microcontroller and Embedded System Mazidi, Mohmad Ali; Mazidi, Janice Gelispe; McKinley, Roline D. Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2nd edition, Delhi, 2008, ISBN: 978-0997925999.
7. Microcontrollers: Theory and Applications Deshmukh, Ajay, Tata McGraw Hill Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2011, ISBN: 978-0070585959.
8. Microcontroller Architecture Programming, Interfacing and System Design, Kamal, Raj, Pearson Education India, Delhi, 2012, ISBN:978-8131759905.

Open Elective: Renewable Energy Sources [100518]

• Unit 1.0: Solar Energy
  • Sun as a source of energy
  • Solar energy-Importance
  • Solar radiation at the earth's surface
  • Measurement of Solar radiation-Pyroheliometer
  • Pyranometer
  • Sunshine recorder
  • Solar still
  • Solar pond
  • Storage of solar energy for heating
• Unit 2.0: Wind Energy
  • Factors influencing wind
  • Wind shear and turbulence
  • Wind speed monitoring
  • Site selection for wind turbine
  • Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS)
  • Classification of WECS
  • WECS- Characteristics
• Unit 3.0: Biomass Energy
  • Photosynthesis process
  • Biomass fuels
  • Biomass conversion technologies
  • Urban waste to energy conversion
  • Biomass gasification
  • Biomass to ethanol production
  • Biomass electrical power generation
  • Factors affecting the biomass generation
• Unit 4.0: Hydrogen Energy
  • Concepts of hydrogen energy
  • Components of hydrogen energy
  • Working principles of electrolysers
  • Hydrogen energy extraction
  • Methodologies
  • Hydrogen energy extraction process
  • Monitoring and control
• Unit 5.0: Ocean
  • Principle of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: off shore and onshore
  • Tidal Current
  • High and Low Tides
  • Ocean tidal energy conversion schemes
• Unit 6.0: Geothermal Energy
  • Origin and distribution of geothermal energy
  • Site selection for geothermal energy
  • Economic aspects about tidal energy
  • Conversion plant

Text/Reference Books:

1. Solar Photovoltaics: Fundamentals, Technologies and Applications Chetan singh solank PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., May 2015 ISBN: 8120337603, 9788120337602.
2. Solar Thermal Energy Author: Soteris A. Kalogirou, Editor: Spiros Alexopoulos Springer, March 2022 ISBN 978-1-0716-1421-1
3. Wind Power Plants and Project Development Joshua Earnest and Tore Wizelius, Second Edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2017 ISBN: 9788120351271, 8120351274.
4. Renewable Hydrogen Technologies Edited by: Luis M Gandia, Gurutze Arzamedi, Pedro M Dieguez Energy and Power, Elseveir, 1st Edition May 3, 2013 ISBN, 044456361X, 9780444563613.
5. Ocean, Tidal, and Wave Energy Peppas, Lynn Crabtree Pub Co, 2008 ISBN-10. 0778729338.

Open Elective: MATLAB for Engineers [100519]

• Unit 1.0: Introduction to MATLAB
  • MATLAB
  • Command window
  • Computing with MATLAB
  • Math Built-in functions
  • Variables
  • Numbers
  • Operators
  • Expressions
  • Input and output
  • Vector in MATLAB
  • Matrices in MATLAB
  • Arrays in MATLAB
  • Muti-dimensional matrices and Arrays
  • Array addressing
  • Cell Arrays
  • Structure Arrays
  • Built in functions for analyzing arrays
  • Element by Element Operations
  • Polynomial Operations Using Arrays
• Unit 2.0: Plots
  • Introduction to graphs & plots
  • Different type of plot designing
  • 2D & 3D plots
  • Scientific data based plots
  • Plot editing & handling
  • Plotting Images
  • Plot commands
  • Multiple plots on the same page
  • Line plots
  • Mesh and surface plots
  • Plots with special graphics
  • Files and File Management- Import/Export
• Unit 3.0: GUI
  • Introduction to Graphical User Interface
  • GUIDE tool
  • Interfacing of MATLAB script and GUI
• Unit 4.0: Programming using MATLAB
  • Operators and Variables
  • Operators and Functions
  • Conditional statements
  • Loops
  • Nested Loops
  • The break and continue commands
  • Function file
  • Debugging Mat Lab Programs
  • Examples of simple User-defined functions
  • Comparison between script files and function files
• Unit 5.0: Mathematical Computing with MATLAB
  • Polynomial Addition and Subtraction
  • Polynomial Multiplication and Division
  • Formulation of Polynomial Equation
  • Polynomial Differentiation and Integration
  • Polynomial Curve Fitting
  • Examples
  • Solving equation of one variable
  • Finding minimum or maximum of a function
• Unit 6.0: Introduction to MATLAB Toolboxes and Simulink
  • Simulink Introduction
  • Image & Video processing Toolbox
  • Fuzzy Logic Toolbox
  • Neural Network Toolbox
  • SIMSCAPE
  • Machine Learning
  • Artificial Intelligence

Text/Reference Books:

1. Practical MATLAB applications for engineers, Misza Kalechman, CRC Press Inc, ISBN 978-1-4200-4776-9
2. Getting started with MATLAB, Rudrapratap, Oxford 28 May 2010, ISBN-10: 9780198069195, ISBN-13: 978-0198069195.
3. Modelling and simulation using MATLAB-Simulink, Shailendra Jain, Wiley India, 2nd edition Jan 2015, ISBN-10: 9788126551972, ISBN-13: 978-8126551972.
4. MATLAB 7 William D Paul McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2nd Edition August, 2004.

Open Elective: Additive Manufacturing [100520]

• Unit 1.0: Additive Manufacturing Introduction and Data Preparation for 3D Printing
  • CAD-CAM and its integration
  • CAD- Part and Surface modeling
  • CAD file formats
  • Additive v/s Conventional Manufacturing processes
  • Process chain for 3D Printing
  • Classification of 3D Printing Processes
  • Product design and prototyping
  • Reverse Engineering for 3D Printing
  • 3D Scanners and working
  • Data Preparation for 3D Printing: STL interface Specification
  • STL data generation
  • STL data Manipulation
  • Advantages and limitations of STL file format
  • Open files
  • Repair of STL files
  • Alternative 3D Printing interfaces
  • Part orientation and support generation
  • Factors affecting part orientation
  • Various models for part orientation determination
  • The function of part supports
  • Support structure design
  • Automatic support structure generation
  • Model Slicing and Contour Data organization
  • Direct and adaptive slicing: Identification of peak features
  • Adaptive layer thickness determination
  • Tool path generation
• Unit 2.0: 3D Printing Materials
  • Various forms of 3D printing raw material- Liquid
  • Solid
  • Wire
  • Powder
  • Polymers
  • Metals
  • Non-Metals
  • Ceramics
  • Polymers and their properties
  • Powder Preparation and their desired properties
  • 3D Printing material for FDM
  • SLA
  • SLS
  • Binder Jetting
  • Material Jetting and Direct Energy deposition 3D printing processes
  • Choosing the right 3D Printing material on the basis of performance requirements and material properties
• Unit 3.0: Solid based 3D Printing Processes
  • Basic principle and working of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process
  • Construction details and working of established FDM based 3D printers for plastics parts
  • Producing a part using FDM based 3D Printer
  • Liquefaction
  • Solidification and bonding
  • Laminated Object Manufacturing process
  • Accuracy
  • Precision and Tolerance in 3D printing
  • 3D Printer software- Fusion 360
  • Solidworks
  • Onshape
  • Tinkercad
  • UltimakerCura
  • MeshLab
  • Simplyfy 3D
  • Repetier host
  • Slic3r
  • Etc. use and operation of anyone
  • Cost estimation of FDM 3D printed component
• Unit 4.0: Liquid based 3D Printing Processes
  • Photo polymerization
  • Principle and working of stereo lithography apparatus
  • SLA based 3D printing processes
  • SLA based 3D printing process materials
  • Scanning techniques
  • Curing processes
  • Cost estimation of SLA 3D printed component
• Unit 5.0: Powder based 3D Printing Processes
  • Powder fusion mechanism
  • Principle and working of Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process
  • SLS based 3D printers
  • Laser Engineering Net Shaping process
  • Electron Beam Melting
  • Binder Jet 3D Printing
  • Materials and Process parameters for SLS based 3D printing processes
  • Cost estimation of SLS based 3D printed component
• Unit 6.0: Post Processing and Quality
  • Need of post processing: Functional and Aesthetic reasons
  • Steps of Post Processing: Cleaning/Support removal
  • Fixing
  • Curing or hardening
  • Surface finishing
  • Colouring
  • Cleaning: Support Removal (FDM and Material Jetting); Powder Removal (SLS and Powder Bed Fusion); Washing (SLA and Photopolymerisation)
  • Fixing: Filling
  • Gluing
  • Welding
  • Surface finishing: Sanding
  • Polishing
  • Tumbling
  • Hydro dipping
  • Epoxy coating
  • Electro Plating
  • Vapour smoothing-Acetone treatment
  • Colouring
  • Coating
  • Priming and Painting
  • Inspection and testing: Digital
  • Visual
  • Physical
  • Defects and their causes

Text/Reference Books:

1. Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital ManufacturingLan Gibson, David W. Rosen, Brent Stucker Springer, 2010, ISBN: 9781493921133.
2. Understanding Additive Manufacturing: Rapid Prototyping, Rapid Tooling, Rapid Manufacturing Andreas Gebhardt, Hanser Publisher, 2011, ISBN: 156990507X, 9781569905074.
3. 3D Printing and Design, Sabrie Soloman, Khanna Publishing House, Delhi, ISBN: 9789386173768.
4. 3D Printing and Rapid Prototyping- Principles and Applications C.K. Chua, Kah Fai Leong World Scientific, 2017, ISBN: 9789813146754.
5. Getting Started with 3D Printing: A Hands-on Guide to the Hardware, Software, and Services Behind the New Manufacturing Revolution, Liza Wallach Kloski, Nick KloskiMake Community, LLC; 2nd edition, 2021, ISBN: 9781680450200.
6. Laser-Induced Materials and Processes for Rapid Prototyping, L. Lu, J. Fuh, Y.S. Wong Kulwer Academic Press, 2001, ISBN: 9781461514695.